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Review
. 2021 Sep 7;21(1):472.
doi: 10.1186/s12935-021-02152-y.

Increased CD9 expression predicts favorable prognosis in human cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hyun Min Koh  1 , Bo Gun Jang  2   3 , Dong Hui Lee  3 , Chang Lim Hyun  4   5
Affiliations
Review

Increased CD9 expression predicts favorable prognosis in human cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hyun Min Koh et al. Cancer Cell Int. .

Abstract

Background: CD9 is implicated in cancer progression and metastasis by its role in suppressing cancer cell proliferation and survival. However, the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of CD9 expression is controversial. Therefore, the current meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of CD9 expression in cancer patients.

Methods: Eligible studies were selected through database search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library up to April 5 2020. The necessary data were extracted from the included studies. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of CD9 expression in cancer patients.

Results: A total of 17 studies consisting of 3456 cancer patients were included in this meta-analysis. An increased CD9 expression was significantly associated with a more favorable overall survival (OS) (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31-0.73, p = 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.30-0.79, p = 0.003). In subgroup analysis of cancer type, an increased CD9 expression was associated with increased OS in breast cancer and digestive system cancer, and with increased DFS in head and neck cancer and leukemia/lymphoma. Additionally, an increased CD9 expression significantly correlated with lower overall stage (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.29-0.72, p = 0.001).

Conclusion: An increased CD9 expression was associated with favorable survival in cancer patients suggesting that CD9 expression could be a valuable survival factor in cancer patients.

Keywords: CD9; Cancer; Meta-analysis; Prognosis; Survival.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram of the study selection process
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot of the association between CD9 expression and overall survival in human cancers
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot of subgroup analysis of the association between CD9 expression and overall survival in human cancers. A Subgroup analysis stratified by cancer type, B subgroup analysis stratified by CD9 detection method, C subgroup analysis stratified by publication year, D subgroup analysis stratified by race, and E subgroup analysis stratified by sample size
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Forest plot of the association between CD9 expression and disease-free survival in human cancers
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Forest plot of subgroup analysis of the association between CD9 expression and disease-free survival in human cancers. A Subgroup analysis stratified by cancer type, B subgroup analysis stratified by CD9 detection method, C subgroup analysis stratified by publication year, D subgroup analysis stratified by race, and E subgroup analysis stratified by sample size
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Funnel plot and trim and fill method for publication bias. A Funnel plot for overall survival, B funnel plot for disease-free survival, C trim and filled method for overall survival, D trim and filled method for disease-free survival
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Sensitivity analysis of each included study. A Sensitivity analysis for overall survival, B sensitivity analysis for disease-free survival
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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