Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Sep 7;11(9):e048875.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048875.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the caregiver contribution to self-care of chronic illness inventory in China: a cross-sectional study

Dan Dan Chen  1 , Hui Zhang  1 , Nianqi Cui  2 , Leiwen Tang  1 , Jing Shao  3 , Xiyi Wang  4 , Dan Wang  1 , Na Liu  5 , Zhihong Ye  6
Affiliations

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the caregiver contribution to self-care of chronic illness inventory in China: a cross-sectional study

Dan Dan Chen et al. BMJ Open. .

Abstract

Objective: Caregiver contribution (CC) is important for the self-care behaviors of chronic disease individuals, as it could enhance patient outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to assess this CC by using a good validity and reliability instrument. The Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care Chronic Illness Inventory (CC-SC-CII) was designed to assess CC to self-care behaviors of patients with chronic illness in Italy. However, it was unclear whether this tool had sound psychometrics properties in the context of Chinese culture. Therefore, we performed the cross-cultural adaption of the CC-SC-CII and we tested its psychometric properties among Chinese caregivers of patients with chronic disease.

Design: A cross-sectional observational design.

Settings: Participants were recruited from communities and institutions in Pingdingshan, Henan Province, China.

Participants: 301 caregivers of care recipients with chronic disease completed the Chinese version of the CC-SC-CII (C-CC-SC-CII).

Primary and secondary outcome measures: The content validity index of items (I-CVI), the scale content validity index-average (S-CVI/Ave), exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency and item analysis were tested.

Results: The range of I-CVI was between 0.833 and 1.00, and the score of S-CVI was 0.991. In CFA, the C-CC to self-care monitoring scale had satisfactory fit indices. However, the C-CC to self-care maintenance and management scales had unsupported fit indices. The reliability coefficients of C-CC-SC-CII were 0.792, 0.880 and 0.870 for its three scales. Item-total correlations were all over 0.590. Test-retest reliability showed that the range of intraclass correlation coefficients was from 0.728 to 0.783.

Conclusion: The C-CC-SC-CII has sound psychometrics characteristics and is a culturally appropriate and reliable instrument for assessing CC to the self-care behaviours of patients with chronic disease in China.

Keywords: diabetes & endocrinology; heart failure; hypertension; quality in health care.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Confirmatory factor analysis of the C-CC to self-care maintenance scale. The numbers near the 1-headed arrows are factor loading coefficients; the numbers near the 2-headed arrows are correlation coefficients; the numbers aiming to the items through a 1-headed arrow are residual variances. HPB, health promoting behaviours; IRB, illness-related behaviours; 01, item 1.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Confirmatory factor analysis of the C-CC to self-care monitoring scale. The numbers near the 1-headed arrows are factor loading coefficients; the numbers near the 2-headed arrows are correlation coefficients; the numbers aiming to the items through a 1-headed arrow are residual variances. 08, item 8.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Confirmatory factor analysis of the C-CC to self-care management scale. The numbers near the 1-headed arrows are factor loading coefficients; the numbers near the 2-headed arrows are correlation coefficients; the numbers aiming to the items through a 1-headed arrow are residual variances. 13, item 13.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Nikolich-Žugich J, Goldman DP, Cohen PR, et al. . Preparing for an aging world: engaging Biogerontologists, geriatricians, and the Society. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016;71:435–44. 10.1093/gerona/glv164 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Suls J, Green PA, Boyd CM. Multimorbidity: implications and directions for health psychology and behavioral medicine. Health Psychol 2019;38:772–82. 10.1037/hea0000762 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Yoon J, Zulman D, Scott JY, et al. . Costs associated with multimorbidity among Va patients. Med Care 2014;52 Suppl 3:S31–6. 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000061 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Schmidt H. Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion,. In: Barrett DH, ed. Public health ethics: cases spanning the globe. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016: 137–76.
    1. OEG . Certain social problems caused by chronic illnesses. Selçuk University J Inst Soc Sci 2019;42.

Publication types