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. 2021 Jul 30:12:710812.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.710812. eCollection 2021.

Diversity in Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacities, and Nutrient Contents Among Mungbean and Lentil Microgreens When Grown at Plain-Altitude Region (Delhi) and High-Altitude Region (Leh-Ladakh), India

Priti  1 , Gyan P Mishra  1 , Harsh K Dikshit  1 , Vinutha T  2 , M Tomuilim Tontang  1 , Tsering Stobdan  3 , Seema Sangwan  1 , Muraleedhar Aski  1 , Ajeet Singh  2 , Ranjeet R Kumar  2 , Kuldeep Tripathi  4 , Shiv Kumar  5 , Ramakrishnan M Nair  6 , Shelly Praveen  2
Affiliations

Diversity in Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacities, and Nutrient Contents Among Mungbean and Lentil Microgreens When Grown at Plain-Altitude Region (Delhi) and High-Altitude Region (Leh-Ladakh), India

Priti et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Mungbeans and lentils are relatively easily grown and cheaper sources of microgreens, but their phytonutrient diversity is not yet deeply explored. In this study, 20 diverse genotypes each of mungbean and lentil were grown as microgreens under plain-altitude (Delhi) and high-altitude (Leh) conditions, which showed significant genotypic variations for ascorbic acid, tocopherol, carotenoids, flavonoid, total phenolics, DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power), peroxide activity, proteins, enzymes (peroxidase and catalase), micronutrients, and macronutrients contents. The lentil and mungbean genotypes L830 and MH810, respectively, were found superior for most of the studied parameters over other studied genotypes. Interestingly, for most of the studied parameters, Leh-grown microgreens were found superior to the Delhi-grown microgreens, which could be due to unique environmental conditions of Leh, especially wide temperature amplitude, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and UV-B content. In mungbean microgreens, total phenolics content (TPC) was found positively correlated with FRAP and DPPH, while in lentil microgreens, total flavonoid content (TFC) was found positively correlated with DPPH. The most abundant elements recorded were in the order of K, P, and Ca in mungbean microgreens; and K, Ca, and P in the lentil microgreens. In addition, these Fabaceae microgreens may help in the nutritional security of the population residing in the high-altitude regions of Ladakh, especially during winter months when this region remains landlocked due to heavy snowfall.

Keywords: Fabaceae microgreens; Lens microgreens; Vigna microgreens; antioxidants; mineral composition.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Seed morphology details of 20 genotypes each of (A) mungbean and (B) lentils used in the study, where (A) mungbean genotypes are (1) Pusa Baisakhi, (2) Pusa Ratna, (3) Pusa Vishal, (4) Pusa105, (5) Pusa0672, (6) Pusa9072, (7) Pusa9531, (8) MH96-1, (9) MH318, (10) MH421, (11) MH521, (12) MH810, (13) ML512, (14) ML818, (15) PS16, (16) TM 96-2, (17) IPM02-3, (18) IPM02-14, (19) IPM409-4, (20) PMR1; while (B) lentil genotypes are (1) L4076, (2) L4147, (3) L4594, (4) L7903, (5) HM1, (6) BM4, (7) JL1, (8) Sehore74-3, (9) NDL1, (10) IPL81, (11) IPL321, (12) K75, (13) KLS218, (14) DPL58, (15) DPL62, (16) PL1, (17) PL2, (18) PL6, (19) L830, (20) L4602.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cluster analysis based on (A) total AoA as measured by DPPH, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and peroxide assay; (B) total phenolics content (TPC); (C) total flavonoids content (TFC) in mungbean and lentil microgreens, where dendrogram was prepared using the Ward method.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Principal component plot derived from various antioxidant activities [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), peroxide, total carotenoids content (TCC), total tocopherol content (TTC), total ascorbic acid (TAA), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)], protein, phenolics TPC, and TFC in the mungbean microgreens when grown at (A) normal altitude (Delhi) and (B) high altitude (Leh) conditions.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Principal component plot derived from various antioxidant activities [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), peroxide, total tocopherols content (TTC), total carotenoids content (TCC), total ascorbic acid (TAA), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)], TPC, and TFC contents in the lentil microgreens when grown at (A) normal altitude (Delhi) and (B) high altitude (Leh) conditions.
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