Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Aug 23:9:712516.
doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.712516. eCollection 2021.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes Until 2 Years of Age in Preterm Infants With Typical Chest Imaging Findings of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Propensity Score Analysis

Qiqi Ruan  1   2   3   4 , Jianhui Wang  1   2   3   4 , Yuan Shi  1   2   3   4
Affiliations

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes Until 2 Years of Age in Preterm Infants With Typical Chest Imaging Findings of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Propensity Score Analysis

Qiqi Ruan et al. Front Pediatr. .

Abstract

Objective: The goal of the current study was to assess the associations of typical chest imaging findings of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants with clinical characteristics and outcomes until 2 years of age. Method: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 256 preterm infants with BPD who were admitted between 2014 and 2018. A propensity score analysis was used to adjust for confounding factors. The primary outcomes were the severity of BPD, home oxygen therapy (HOT) at discharge and mortality between 28 days after birth and 2 years of age. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify related variables of mortality. Results: Seventy-eight patients with typical chest imaging findings were enrolled, of which 50 (64.1%) were first found by CXR, while 28 (35.9%) were first found by CT. In addition, 85.9% (67/78) were discovered before 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) (gestational age [GA] < 32 weeks) or before 56 days after birth (GA > 32 weeks). After propensity score matching, the matched groups consisted of 58 pairs of patients. Those with typical imaging findings had a remarkably higher mortality rate (29.3 vs. 12.1%, p = 0.022, OR 3.021), higher proportion of severe BPD (32.8 vs. 12.1%, p = 0.003, OR 4.669) and higher rate of HOT at discharge (74.1 vs. 46.6%, p = 0.002, OR 3.291) than those without typical imaging findings. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that typical imaging findings ≤ 7 days and typical typical imaging findings >7 days were independent risk factors for mortality in preterm infants with BPD (OR 7.794, p = 0.004; OR 4.533, p = 0.001). Conclusions: More attention should be given to chest imaging findings of BPD, especially in the early stage (within 7 days). Early recognition of the development of BPD helps early individualized treatment of BPD. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04163822.

Keywords: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; clinical characteristics; outcomes; preterm infants; propensity score; typical imaging findings.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the inclusion process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Representative of typical imaging findings.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Timing and modalities of the typical imaging appearance first showed.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Stoecklin B, Simpson SJ, Pillow JJ. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: rationale for a pathophysiological rather than treatment based approach to diagnosis. Paediatr Respir Rev. (2019) 32:91–7. 10.1016/j.prrv.2018.12.002 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Healy H, Croonen L, Onland W, van Kaam AH, Gupta M. A systematic review of reports of quality improvement for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. (2021) 26:101201. 10.1016/j.siny.2021.101201 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Jobe AH, Bancalari E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. (2001) 163:1723–9. 10.1164/ajrccm.163.7.2011060 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Higgins RD, Jobe AH, Koso-Thomas M, Bancalari E, Viscardi RM, Hartert TV, et al. . Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: executive summary of a workshop. J Pediatr. (2018) 197:300–8. 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.01.043 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Moya MP, Bisset GS III, Auten RL Jr, Miller C, Hollingworth C, Frush DP. Reliability of CXR for the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Radiol. (2001) 31:339–42. 10.1007/s002470000420 - DOI - PubMed

Associated data