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. 2021 Aug 30;26(17):5257.
doi: 10.3390/molecules26175257.

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of an Endemic Species from Southern Algeria: Warionia saharae

Habiba Rechek  1   2   3 , Ammar Haouat  4   5 , Kaouther Hamaidia  1   6 , Hamza Allal  7 , Tarek Boudiar  8 , Diana C G A Pinto  3 , Susana M Cardoso  3 , Chawki Bensouici  8 , Noureddine Soltani  6 , Artur M S Silva  3
Affiliations

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of an Endemic Species from Southern Algeria: Warionia saharae

Habiba Rechek et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Warionia saharae Benth. & Coss. (Asteraceae) is an endemic species of North Africa naturally grown in the southwest of the Algerian Sahara. In the present study, this species' hydromethanolic leaf extract was investigated for its phenolic profile characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and an electrospray mass spectrometer (UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MS). Additionally, the chemical composition of W. saharae was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and its antioxidant potential was assessed through five in vitro tests: DPPH● scavenging activity, ABTS●+ scavenging assay, galvinoxyl scavenging activity, ferric reducing power (FRP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity. The UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis allowed the detection and quantification of 22 compounds, with taxifolin as the dominant compound. The GC-MS analysis allowed the identification of 37 compounds, and the antioxidant activity data indicate that W. saharae extract has a very high capacity to capture radicals due to its richness in compounds with antioxidant capacity. The extract also showed potent α-glucosidase inhibition as well as a good anti-inflammatory activity. However, weak anti-α-amylase and anticholinesterase activities were recorded. Moreover, an in silico docking study was performed to highlight possible interactions between three significant compounds identified in W. saharae extract and α-glucosidase enzyme.

Keywords: GC–MS analysis; UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MS; Warionia saharae; anti-inflammatory activity; antioxidant activity; enzyme inhibition; molecular docking; phenolic compounds.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
UHPLC chromatogram of Warionia saharae hydromethanolic extract recorded at 280 nm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Total ion chromatogram (TIC) of Warionia saharae extract.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures of the docked compounds taxifolin (a), 1,3-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (b), and 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (c) at the active site of α-glucosidase enzyme.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures of the docked compounds taxifolin (a), 1,3-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (b), and 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (c) at the active site of α-glucosidase enzyme.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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