. 2021 Aug 24;10(17):3775.

doi: 10.3390/jcm10173775.

Evaluation of Biomarkers of Severity in Patients with COVID-19 Infection

Affiliations

¹ Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi 510-0885, Japan.
² Department of General and Laboratory Medicine, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi 510-0885, Japan.
³ Department of Central Laboratory, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi 510-0885, Japan.
⁴ Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi 510-0885, Japan.
⁵ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi 510-0885, Japan.
⁶ Department of Gastroenterology, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi 510-0885, Japan.
⁷ Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi 510-0885, Japan.

PMID: 34501223
PMCID: PMC8432011
DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173775

Evaluation of Biomarkers of Severity in Patients with COVID-19 Infection

Akitaka Yamamoto et al. J Clin Med. 2021.

. 2021 Aug 24;10(17):3775.

doi: 10.3390/jcm10173775.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi 510-0885, Japan.
² Department of General and Laboratory Medicine, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi 510-0885, Japan.
³ Department of Central Laboratory, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi 510-0885, Japan.
⁴ Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi 510-0885, Japan.
⁵ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi 510-0885, Japan.
⁶ Department of Gastroenterology, Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi 510-0885, Japan.
⁷ Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi 510-0885, Japan.

PMID: 34501223
PMCID: PMC8432011
DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173775

Abstract

Object: Although many Japanese patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) only experience mild symptoms, in some cases a patient's condition deteriorates, resulting in a poor outcome. This study examines the behavior of biomarkers in patients with mild to severe COVID-19.

Methods: The disease severity of 152 COVID-19 patients was classified into mild, moderate I, moderate II, and severe, and the behavior of laboratory biomarkers was examined across these four disease stages.

Results: The median age and male/female ratio increased with severity. The mortality rate was 12.5% in both moderate II and severe stages. Underlying diseases, which were not observed in 45% of mild stage patients, increased with severity. An ROC analysis showed that C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, procalcitonin (PCT), hemoglobin (Hb) A1c, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were significantly useful for the differential diagnosis of mild/moderate I stage and moderate II/severe stage. In the severe stage, Hb levels, coagulation time, total protein, and albumin were significantly different on the day of worsening from those observed on the day of admission. The frequency of hemostatic biomarker abnormalities was high in the severe disease stage.

Conclusion: The evaluation of severity is valuable, as the mortality rate was high in the moderate II and severe stages. The levels of CRP, ferritin, PCT, albumin, and LDH were useful markers of severity, and hemostatic abnormalities were frequently observed in patients in the severe disease stage.

Keywords: COVID-19; biomarkers; mild; moderate; severe.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest in association with the present study.

Figures

**Figure 1**
ROC analysis to determine the cutoff values of CRP (mild to moderate I vs. ≥moderate II to severe).

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Evaluation of Biomarkers of Severity in Patients with COVID-19 Infection

Affiliations

Evaluation of Biomarkers of Severity in Patients with COVID-19 Infection

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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References

Grants and funding

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