Gelatin-Based Hybrid Scaffolds: Promising Wound Dressings

Abstract

Wound care is a major biomedical field that is challenging due to the delayed wound healing process. Some factors are responsible for delayed wound healing such as malnutrition, poor oxygen flow, smoking, diseases (such as diabetes and cancer), microbial infections, etc. The currently used wound dressings suffer from various limitations, including poor antimicrobial activity, etc. Wound dressings that are formulated from biopolymers (e.g., cellulose, chitin, gelatin, chitosan, etc.) demonstrate interesting properties, such as good biocompatibility, non-toxicity, biodegradability, and attractive antimicrobial activity. Although biopolymer-based wound dressings display the aforementioned excellent features, they possess poor mechanical properties. Gelatin, a biopolymer has excellent biocompatibility, hemostatic property, reduced cytotoxicity, low antigenicity, and promotes cellular attachment and growth. However, it suffers from poor mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity. It is crosslinked with other polymers to enhance its mechanical properties. Furthermore, the incorporation of antimicrobial agents into gelatin-based wound dressings enhance their antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo. This review is focused on the development of hybrid wound dressings from a combination of gelatin and other polymers with good biological, mechanical, and physicochemical features which are appropriate for ideal wound dressings. Gelatin-based wound dressings are promising scaffolds for the treatment of infected, exuding, and bleeding wounds. This review article reports gelatin-based wound dressings which were developed between 2016 and 2021.

Keywords: gelatin; hydrogels; nanofibers; polymers; sponges; wound care; wound dressings.

Figure 1

Examples of Biopolymers in Biomedical applications.

Figure 2

Sequential Phases of Wound healing.

Figure 3

Classification of Wound Dressings.

Figure 4

(a) Basic molecular structure of gelatin (b) Properties of gelatin.

Figure 5

Crosslinked Hydrogel on Skin Wound.

Figure 6

Transparent Film Dressing on Skin Wound.

Figure 7

Microporous Sponge on Skin Wound.

Figure 8

Preparation of Nanofibrous Using Electrospinning Technique.

Figure 9

Schematic Diagram of Wound Dressing loaded with Microspheres.