A pandemic recap: lessons we have learned

Federico Coccolini¹, Enrico Cicuttin², Camilla Cremonini², Dario Tartaglia², Bruno Viaggi³, Akira Kuriyama⁴, Edoardo Picetti⁵, Chad Ball⁶, Fikri Abu-Zidan⁷, Marco Ceresoli⁸, Bruno Turri⁹, Sumita Jain¹⁰, Carlo Palombo¹¹, Xavier Guirao¹², Gabriel Rodrigues¹³, Mahir Gachabayov¹⁴, Fernando Machado¹⁵, Lostoridis Eftychios¹⁶, Souha S Kanj¹⁷, Isidoro Di Carlo¹⁸, Salomone Di Saverio¹⁹, Vladimir Khokha²⁰, Andrew Kirkpatrick²¹, Damien Massalou²², Francesco Forfori²³, Francesco Corradi²³, Samir Delibegovic²⁴, Gustavo M Machain Vega²⁵, Massimo Fantoni²⁶, Demetrios Demetriades²⁷, Garima Kapoor²⁸, Yoram Kluger²⁹, Shamshul Ansari³⁰, Ron Maier³¹, Ari Leppaniemi³², Timothy Hardcastle³³, Andras Vereczkei³⁴, Evika Karamagioli³⁵, Emmanouil Pikoulis³⁵, Mauro Pistello³⁶, Boris E Sakakushev³⁷, Pradeep H Navsaria³⁸, Rita Galeiras³⁹, Ali I Yahya⁴⁰, Aleksei V Osipov⁴¹, Evgeni Dimitrov⁴², Krstina Doklestić⁴³, Michele Pisano⁴⁴, Paolo Malacarne⁴⁵, Paolo Carcoforo⁴⁶, Maria Grazia Sibilla⁴⁶, Igor A Kryvoruchko⁴⁷, Luigi Bonavina⁴⁸, Jae Il Kim⁴⁹, Vishal G Shelat⁵⁰, Jacek Czepiel⁵¹, Emilio Maseda⁵², Sanjay Marwah⁵³, Mircea Chirica⁵⁴, Giandomenico Biancofiore⁵⁵, Mauro Podda⁵⁶, Lorenzo Cobianchi^{57

58}, Luca Ansaloni^{57

58}, Paola Fugazzola^{57

58}, Charalampos Seretis⁵⁹, Carlos Augusto Gomez⁶⁰, Fabio Tumietto⁶¹, Manu Malbrain^{62

63}, Martin Reichert⁶⁴, Goran Augustin⁶⁵, Bruno Amato⁶⁶, Alessandro Puzziello⁶⁷, Andreas Hecker⁶⁸, Angelo Gemignani⁶⁹, Arda Isik⁷⁰, Alessandro Cucchetti^{71

72}, Mirco Nacoti⁷³, Doron Kopelman⁷⁴, Cristian Mesina⁷⁵, Wagih Ghannam⁷⁶, Offir Ben-Ishay⁷⁷, Sameer Dhingra⁷⁸, Raul Coimbra^{79

80}, Ernest E Moore⁸¹, Yunfeng Cui⁸², Martha A Quiodettis⁸³, Miklosh Bala⁸⁴, Mario Testini⁸⁵, Jose Diaz⁸⁶, Massimo Girardis⁸⁷, Walter L Biffl⁸⁸, Matthias Hecker⁸⁹, Ibrahima Sall⁹⁰, Ugo Boggi⁹¹, Gabriele Materazzi⁶⁹, Lorenzo Ghiadoni⁹², Junichi Matsumoto⁹³, Wietse P Zuidema⁹⁴, Rao Ivatury⁹⁵, Mushira A Enani⁹⁶, Andrey Litvin⁹⁷, Majdi N Al-Hasan⁹⁸, Zaza Demetrashvili⁹⁹, Oussama Baraket^{100

101}, Carlos A Ordoñez¹⁰², Ionut Negoi¹⁰³, Ronald Kiguba¹⁰⁴, Ziad A Memish¹⁰⁵, Mutasim M Elmangory¹⁰⁶, Matti Tolonen³², Korey Das¹⁰⁷, Julival Ribeiro¹⁰⁸, Donal B O'Connor¹⁰⁹, Boun Kim Tan¹¹⁰, Harry Van Goor¹¹¹, Suman Baral¹¹², Belinda De Simone¹¹³, Davide Corbella¹¹⁴, Pietro Brambillasca¹¹⁴, Michelangelo Scaglione¹¹⁵, Fulvio Basolo⁶⁹, Nicola De'Angelis¹¹⁶, Cino Bendinelli^{117

118}, Dieter Weber¹¹⁹, Leonardo Pagani¹²⁰, Cinzia Monti¹²¹, Gianluca Baiocchi¹²², Massimo Chiarugi², Fausto Catena⁹, Massimo Sartelli¹²³

Affiliations

¹ General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy. federico.coccolini@gmail.com.
² General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
³ Infectious Disease Department, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
⁴ Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan.
⁵ Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy.
⁶ Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Foothills Medical Center, Calgary, AB, Canada.
⁷ Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE.
⁸ General Surgery Department, Monza University Hospital, Monza, Italy.
⁹ General Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy.
¹⁰ Department of Surgery, SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India.
¹¹ Cardiology Division 1, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology, and Critical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
¹² Department of Surgery, Parc Tauli, Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain.
¹³ Department of General Surgery, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
¹⁴ Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Emergency Hospital, Vladimir City, Russia.
¹⁵ General Surgery Department, Montevideo Hospital, Montevideo, Paraguay.
¹⁶ General Surgery, Kavala General Hospital, Kavála, Greece.
¹⁷ Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
¹⁸ Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, General Surgery, University of Catania, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy.
¹⁹ General Surgery, ASUR Marche 5, San Benedetto del Tronto General Hospital, San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy.
²⁰ General Surgery, Mozyr City Hospital, Mazyr, Belarus.
²¹ General, Acute Care, Abdominal Wall Reconstruction, and Trauma Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada.
²² Acute Care Surgery, University Hospital of Nice (CHU de Nice)/Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
²³ ICU Department, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
²⁴ General Surgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
²⁵ Servicio de Cirugia General, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Hospital de Clinicas Ii Cátedra de Clinica Quirúrgica, Asunción, Paraguay.
²⁶ Dipartimento Di Scienze Di Laboratorio E Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Irccs, Roma, Italy.
²⁷ Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.
²⁸ Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India.
²⁹ General Surgery Department, Rambam Medical Centre, Tel Aviv, Israel.
³⁰ Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal.
³¹ Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
³² HUS Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
³³ Trauma and Burns, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital and DoH-KZN, Mayville, South Africa.
³⁴ Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary.
³⁵ Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, (NKUA), Athens, Greece.
³⁶ Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
³⁷ Research Institute at Medical University Plovdiv/University Hospital St George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
³⁸ Trauma Center, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
³⁹ Critical Care Unit, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
⁴⁰ General Surgery Department, Zliten Medical Center, Zliten, Libya.
⁴¹ Division of Emergency Surgery, Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.
⁴² Department of Surgical Diseases, University Hospital "Prof. Dr. Stoyan Kirkovich", 2A Gen. Stoletov Str., 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
⁴³ Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Belgrade, Serbia.
⁴⁴ 1St General Surgery Unit, Department of Emergency, ASST Papa Giovanni, Bergamo, Italy.
⁴⁵ Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
⁴⁶ General and Emergency Surgery Unit, Sant'Anna University-Hospital, Ferrara, Italy.
⁴⁷ Department of Surgery No2, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
⁴⁸ Division of General and Foregut Surgery, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.
⁴⁹ Department of Surgery, Inje University, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea.
⁵⁰ Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
⁵¹ Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
⁵² Surgical Critical Care, Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Valdecilla Santander, Santander, Spain.
⁵³ Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, 124001, India.
⁵⁴ Department of Digestive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France.
⁵⁵ Operative Unit of Anesthesia and Transplant Resuscitation, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
⁵⁶ Department of Emergency Surgery, Cagliari University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy.
⁵⁷ Department of Clinical, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
⁵⁸ Department of Clinical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
⁵⁹ Department of General Surgery, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Warwickshire, UK.
⁶⁰ Surgery Department, University Hospital, Therezinha De Jesus, Suprema, Brazil.
⁶¹ Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Unità Operativa Malattie Infettive, Bologna, Italy.
⁶² Internal Medicine - Intensive Care, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Gent, Belgium.
⁶³ First Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
⁶⁴ Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplant and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
⁶⁵ Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
⁶⁶ Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
⁶⁷ Dipartimento Di Medicina, Chirurgia E Odontoiatria, Campus Universitario di Baronissi - Università Di Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
⁶⁸ Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Marburg, Germany.
⁶⁹ Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
⁷⁰ General Surgery Department, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁷¹ Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
⁷² General Surgery of the Morgagni - Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy.
⁷³ Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
⁷⁴ Hepato-Billiary-Pancreatic (HPB) Surgery Center, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.
⁷⁵ Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
⁷⁶ Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
⁷⁷ The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
⁷⁸ Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur Vaishali, Bihar, India.
⁷⁹ Department of Surgery, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA.
⁸⁰ School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
⁸¹ Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA.
⁸² Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
⁸³ Hospital Santo Tomás, Panama City, Panama.
⁸⁴ Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
⁸⁵ Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
⁸⁶ University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁸⁷ Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy.
⁸⁸ Scripps Clinic Medical Group, La Jolla, CA, USA.
⁸⁹ Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
⁹⁰ Department of General Surgery, Military Teaching Hospital, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
⁹¹ Division of General and Transplant Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
⁹² Emergency Medical Department, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
⁹³ Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saint-Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
⁹⁴ Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁹⁵ Professor Emeritus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
⁹⁶ Infectious Diseases Section, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
⁹⁷ Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Regional Clinic Hospital, Kaliningrad, Russia.
⁹⁸ Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Prisma Health-Midlands, Columbia, SC, USA.
⁹⁹ Department of Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia.
¹⁰⁰ Department of Surgery, Bizerte Hospital, Bizerte, Tunisia.
¹⁰¹ Faculty of Medicine, Tunis University, Tunis ElManar, Tunisia.
¹⁰² Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
¹⁰³ General Surgery Department, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
¹⁰⁴ Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
¹⁰⁵ King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health and College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
¹⁰⁶ National Public Health Laboratory, Khartoum, Sudan.
¹⁰⁷ General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.
¹⁰⁸ Infection Control Coordinator, Hospital de Base Do Distrito Federal /IGESDF, Brasilia, Brazil.
¹⁰⁹ Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
¹¹⁰ Infection Prevention and Control Unit, Centre des Massues, French-Red Cross, Lyon, France.
¹¹¹ Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
¹¹² General Surgery, Dirghayu Pokhara Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal.
¹¹³ Department of Emergency, Digestive and Metabolic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy, Saint Germain en Laye, France.
¹¹⁴ ICU Department, Bergamo Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
¹¹⁵ Orthopedic and Traumatology Department, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
¹¹⁶ General Surgery, Department, Henri Mondor Hospital, Paris, France.
¹¹⁷ Department of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia.
¹¹⁸ University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
¹¹⁹ General Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
¹²⁰ Infectious Diseases Unit, Bolzano Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.
¹²¹ Radiology Department, Gavazzeni Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
¹²² General Surgery Department, Cremona Hospital, Cremona, Italy.
¹²³ General Surgery Department, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.

PMID: 34507603
PMCID: PMC8430288
DOI: 10.1186/s13017-021-00393-w

A pandemic recap: lessons we have learned

Federico Coccolini et al. World J Emerg Surg. 2021.

. 2021 Sep 10;16(1):46.

doi: 10.1186/s13017-021-00393-w.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy. federico.coccolini@gmail.com.
² General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
³ Infectious Disease Department, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
⁴ Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan.
⁵ Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy.
⁶ Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Foothills Medical Center, Calgary, AB, Canada.
⁷ Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE.
⁸ General Surgery Department, Monza University Hospital, Monza, Italy.
⁹ General Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy.
¹⁰ Department of Surgery, SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India.
¹¹ Cardiology Division 1, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology, and Critical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
¹² Department of Surgery, Parc Tauli, Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain.
¹³ Department of General Surgery, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
¹⁴ Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Emergency Hospital, Vladimir City, Russia.
¹⁵ General Surgery Department, Montevideo Hospital, Montevideo, Paraguay.
¹⁶ General Surgery, Kavala General Hospital, Kavála, Greece.
¹⁷ Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
¹⁸ Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, General Surgery, University of Catania, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy.
¹⁹ General Surgery, ASUR Marche 5, San Benedetto del Tronto General Hospital, San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy.
²⁰ General Surgery, Mozyr City Hospital, Mazyr, Belarus.
²¹ General, Acute Care, Abdominal Wall Reconstruction, and Trauma Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada.
²² Acute Care Surgery, University Hospital of Nice (CHU de Nice)/Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
²³ ICU Department, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
²⁴ General Surgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
²⁵ Servicio de Cirugia General, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Hospital de Clinicas Ii Cátedra de Clinica Quirúrgica, Asunción, Paraguay.
²⁶ Dipartimento Di Scienze Di Laboratorio E Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Irccs, Roma, Italy.
²⁷ Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.
²⁸ Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India.
²⁹ General Surgery Department, Rambam Medical Centre, Tel Aviv, Israel.
³⁰ Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal.
³¹ Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
³² HUS Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
³³ Trauma and Burns, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital and DoH-KZN, Mayville, South Africa.
³⁴ Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary.
³⁵ Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, (NKUA), Athens, Greece.
³⁶ Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
³⁷ Research Institute at Medical University Plovdiv/University Hospital St George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
³⁸ Trauma Center, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
³⁹ Critical Care Unit, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
⁴⁰ General Surgery Department, Zliten Medical Center, Zliten, Libya.
⁴¹ Division of Emergency Surgery, Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.
⁴² Department of Surgical Diseases, University Hospital "Prof. Dr. Stoyan Kirkovich", 2A Gen. Stoletov Str., 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
⁴³ Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Belgrade, Serbia.
⁴⁴ 1St General Surgery Unit, Department of Emergency, ASST Papa Giovanni, Bergamo, Italy.
⁴⁵ Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
⁴⁶ General and Emergency Surgery Unit, Sant'Anna University-Hospital, Ferrara, Italy.
⁴⁷ Department of Surgery No2, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
⁴⁸ Division of General and Foregut Surgery, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.
⁴⁹ Department of Surgery, Inje University, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea.
⁵⁰ Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
⁵¹ Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
⁵² Surgical Critical Care, Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Valdecilla Santander, Santander, Spain.
⁵³ Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, 124001, India.
⁵⁴ Department of Digestive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France.
⁵⁵ Operative Unit of Anesthesia and Transplant Resuscitation, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
⁵⁶ Department of Emergency Surgery, Cagliari University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy.
⁵⁷ Department of Clinical, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
⁵⁸ Department of Clinical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
⁵⁹ Department of General Surgery, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Warwickshire, UK.
⁶⁰ Surgery Department, University Hospital, Therezinha De Jesus, Suprema, Brazil.
⁶¹ Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Unità Operativa Malattie Infettive, Bologna, Italy.
⁶² Internal Medicine - Intensive Care, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Gent, Belgium.
⁶³ First Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
⁶⁴ Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplant and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
⁶⁵ Department of Surgery, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
⁶⁶ Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
⁶⁷ Dipartimento Di Medicina, Chirurgia E Odontoiatria, Campus Universitario di Baronissi - Università Di Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
⁶⁸ Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Marburg, Germany.
⁶⁹ Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
⁷⁰ General Surgery Department, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁷¹ Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
⁷² General Surgery of the Morgagni - Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy.
⁷³ Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
⁷⁴ Hepato-Billiary-Pancreatic (HPB) Surgery Center, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.
⁷⁵ Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
⁷⁶ Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
⁷⁷ The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
⁷⁸ Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur Vaishali, Bihar, India.
⁷⁹ Department of Surgery, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA.
⁸⁰ School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
⁸¹ Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA.
⁸² Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
⁸³ Hospital Santo Tomás, Panama City, Panama.
⁸⁴ Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
⁸⁵ Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
⁸⁶ University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁸⁷ Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy.
⁸⁸ Scripps Clinic Medical Group, La Jolla, CA, USA.
⁸⁹ Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
⁹⁰ Department of General Surgery, Military Teaching Hospital, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
⁹¹ Division of General and Transplant Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
⁹² Emergency Medical Department, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
⁹³ Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saint-Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
⁹⁴ Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁹⁵ Professor Emeritus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
⁹⁶ Infectious Diseases Section, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
⁹⁷ Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Regional Clinic Hospital, Kaliningrad, Russia.
⁹⁸ Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Prisma Health-Midlands, Columbia, SC, USA.
⁹⁹ Department of Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia.
¹⁰⁰ Department of Surgery, Bizerte Hospital, Bizerte, Tunisia.
¹⁰¹ Faculty of Medicine, Tunis University, Tunis ElManar, Tunisia.
¹⁰² Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
¹⁰³ General Surgery Department, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
¹⁰⁴ Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
¹⁰⁵ King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health and College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
¹⁰⁶ National Public Health Laboratory, Khartoum, Sudan.
¹⁰⁷ General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey.
¹⁰⁸ Infection Control Coordinator, Hospital de Base Do Distrito Federal /IGESDF, Brasilia, Brazil.
¹⁰⁹ Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
¹¹⁰ Infection Prevention and Control Unit, Centre des Massues, French-Red Cross, Lyon, France.
¹¹¹ Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
¹¹² General Surgery, Dirghayu Pokhara Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal.
¹¹³ Department of Emergency, Digestive and Metabolic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy, Saint Germain en Laye, France.
¹¹⁴ ICU Department, Bergamo Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
¹¹⁵ Orthopedic and Traumatology Department, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
¹¹⁶ General Surgery, Department, Henri Mondor Hospital, Paris, France.
¹¹⁷ Department of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia.
¹¹⁸ University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
¹¹⁹ General Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
¹²⁰ Infectious Diseases Unit, Bolzano Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.
¹²¹ Radiology Department, Gavazzeni Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
¹²² General Surgery Department, Cremona Hospital, Cremona, Italy.
¹²³ General Surgery Department, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.

PMID: 34507603
PMCID: PMC8430288
DOI: 10.1186/s13017-021-00393-w

Abstract

On January 2020, the WHO Director General declared that the outbreak constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The world has faced a worldwide spread crisis and is still dealing with it. The present paper represents a white paper concerning the tough lessons we have learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, an international and heterogenous multidisciplinary panel of very differentiated people would like to share global experiences and lessons with all interested and especially those responsible for future healthcare decision making. With the present paper, international and heterogenous multidisciplinary panel of very differentiated people would like to share global experiences and lessons with all interested and especially those responsible for future healthcare decision making.

Keywords: Biology; Ethics; Health care; International; Pandemia; Policy; Politics; Reflection; Thoughts.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

References

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A pandemic recap: lessons we have learned

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A pandemic recap: lessons we have learned

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