Autoimmunity roots of the thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination

Fatma Elrashdy¹, Murtaza M Tambuwala², Sk Sarif Hassan³, Parise Adadi⁴, Murat Seyran⁵, Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz⁶, Nima Rezaei⁷, Amos Lal⁸, Alaa A A Aljabali⁹, Ramesh Kandimalla¹⁰, Nicolas G Bazan¹¹, Gajendra Kumar Azad¹², Samendra P Sherchan¹³, Pabitra Pal Choudhury¹⁴, Ángel Serrano-Aroca¹⁵, Kazuo Takayama¹⁶, Gaurav Chauhan¹⁷, Damiano Pizzol¹⁸, Debmalya Barh¹⁹, Pritam Kumar Panda²⁰, Yogendra K Mishra²¹, Giorgio Palù²², Kenneth Lundstrom²³, Elrashdy M Redwan²⁴, Vladimir N Uversky²⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Kasr Alainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: Fatmaelrashdy@kasralainy.edu.eg.
² School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.tambuwala@ulster.ac.uk.
³ Department of Mathematics, Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, Maligram, 722140 Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India.
⁴ Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
⁵ Doctoral Student in Natural and Technical Sciences (SPL 44), University of Vienna, Währinger Straße, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: a11851761@unet.univie.ac.at.
⁶ Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA. Electronic address: mohamedt1@uthscsa.edu.
⁷ Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
⁸ Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA.
⁹ Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, P. O. BOX 566, Jordan. Electronic address: alaaj@yu.edu.jo.
¹⁰ Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, India.
¹¹ Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA. Electronic address: nbazan@lsuhsc.edu.
¹² Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar 800005, India. Electronic address: gkazad@patnauniversity.ac.in.
¹³ Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. Electronic address: sshercha@tulane.edu.
¹⁴ Applied Statistics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, 700108, West Bengal, India.
¹⁵ Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, Valencia 46001, Spain. Electronic address: angel.serrano@ucv.es.
¹⁶ Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. Electronic address: kazuo.takayama@cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
¹⁷ School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. Electronic address: gchauhan@tec.mx.
¹⁸ Italian Agency for Development Cooperation -, Khartoum, Sudan Street 33, Al Amarat, Sudan.
¹⁹ Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, WB-721172, India; and Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil. Electronic address: dr.barh@gmail.com.
²⁰ Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: pritam.panda@physics.uu.se.
²¹ University of Southern Denmark, Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark. Electronic address: mishra@mci.sdu.dk.
²² Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy. Electronic address: giorgio.palu@unipd.it.
²³ PanTherapeutics, Lutry, Switzerland.
²⁴ Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: lradwan@kau.edu.sa.
²⁵ Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States. Electronic address: vuversky@usf.edu.

PMID: 34508917
PMCID: PMC8426137
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102941

Review

Autoimmunity roots of the thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination

Fatma Elrashdy et al. Autoimmun Rev. 2021 Nov.

. 2021 Nov;20(11):102941.

doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102941. Epub 2021 Sep 9.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Kasr Alainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: Fatmaelrashdy@kasralainy.edu.eg.
² School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.tambuwala@ulster.ac.uk.
³ Department of Mathematics, Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, Maligram, 722140 Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India.
⁴ Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
⁵ Doctoral Student in Natural and Technical Sciences (SPL 44), University of Vienna, Währinger Straße, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: a11851761@unet.univie.ac.at.
⁶ Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA. Electronic address: mohamedt1@uthscsa.edu.
⁷ Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
⁸ Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA.
⁹ Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, P. O. BOX 566, Jordan. Electronic address: alaaj@yu.edu.jo.
¹⁰ Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, India.
¹¹ Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA. Electronic address: nbazan@lsuhsc.edu.
¹² Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar 800005, India. Electronic address: gkazad@patnauniversity.ac.in.
¹³ Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. Electronic address: sshercha@tulane.edu.
¹⁴ Applied Statistics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, 700108, West Bengal, India.
¹⁵ Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, Valencia 46001, Spain. Electronic address: angel.serrano@ucv.es.
¹⁶ Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. Electronic address: kazuo.takayama@cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
¹⁷ School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. Electronic address: gchauhan@tec.mx.
¹⁸ Italian Agency for Development Cooperation -, Khartoum, Sudan Street 33, Al Amarat, Sudan.
¹⁹ Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, WB-721172, India; and Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil. Electronic address: dr.barh@gmail.com.
²⁰ Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: pritam.panda@physics.uu.se.
²¹ University of Southern Denmark, Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark. Electronic address: mishra@mci.sdu.dk.
²² Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy. Electronic address: giorgio.palu@unipd.it.
²³ PanTherapeutics, Lutry, Switzerland.
²⁴ Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: lradwan@kau.edu.sa.
²⁵ Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States. Electronic address: vuversky@usf.edu.

PMID: 34508917
PMCID: PMC8426137
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102941

Abstract

Although vaccination represents the most promising way to stop or contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and safety and effectiveness of available vaccines were proven, a small number of individuals who received anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines developed a prothrombotic syndrome. Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) can be triggered by the adenoviral vector-based vaccine, whereas lipid nanoparticle-mRNA-based vaccines can induce rare cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Although the main pathogenic mechanisms behind this rare phenomenon have not yet been identified, both host and vaccine factors might be involved, with pathology at least in part being related to the vaccine-triggered autoimmune reaction. In this review, we are considering some aspects related to pathogenesis, major risk factors, as well as peculiarities of diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition.

Keywords: Adenoviral vector-based vaccine; Autoimmune reaction; COVID-19; Lipid nanoparticle-mRNA-based vaccine; Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia.

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References

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Autoimmunity roots of the thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination

Affiliations

Autoimmunity roots of the thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

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