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Review
. 2021 Aug 19:22:166-179.
doi: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.08.005. eCollection 2021 Sep 24.

Extending traditional antibody therapies: Novel discoveries in immunotherapy and clinical applications

Charles Shin  1   2 , Sung Soo Kim  3   2 , Yong Hwa Jo  2
Affiliations
Review

Extending traditional antibody therapies: Novel discoveries in immunotherapy and clinical applications

Charles Shin et al. Mol Ther Oncolytics. .

Abstract

Immunotherapy has been well regarded as one of the safer and antigen-specific anti-cancer treatments compared to first-generation chemotherapy. Since Coley's discovery, researchers focused on engineering novel antibody-based therapies. Including artificial and modified antibodies, such as antibody fragments, antibody-drug conjugates, and synthetic mimetics, the variety of immunotherapy has been rapidly expanding in the last few decades. Genetic and chemical modifications to monoclonal antibody have been brought into academia, in vivo trials, and clinical applications. Here, we have looked around antibodies overall. First, we elucidate the antibody structure and its cytotoxicity mechanisms. Second, types of therapeutic antibodies are presented. Additionally, there is a summarized list of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapeutic antibodies and recent clinical trials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of both the general function of therapeutic antibodies and a few main variations in development, including recent advent with the proposed mechanism of actions, and we introduce types of therapeutic antibodies, clinical trials, and approved commercial immunotherapeutic drugs.

Keywords: T lymphocytes; anti-cancer therapy; apoptosis; cytotoxicity; immune-related adverse effects; immunotherapy; therapeutic antibody.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1
Figure 1
Antibody structures
Figure 2
Figure 2
Fab and scFv structures
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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