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. 2021 Aug 25;16(1):1198-1205.
doi: 10.1515/med-2021-0289. eCollection 2021.

Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on stress levels of urologic patients

Michele Del Zingaro  1 , Giovanni Cochetti  1 , Giuseppe Maiolino  2 , Davide Stivalini  1 , Giulia Manfredini  1 , Angelica Tancredi  1 , Graziano Felici  1 , Sara Ciarletti  1 , Gianluca Gaudio  1 , Jacopo Adolfo Rossi de Vermandois  1 , Ettore Mearini  1
Affiliations

Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on stress levels of urologic patients

Michele Del Zingaro et al. Open Med (Wars). .

Abstract

Introduction: Several studies have shown the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress of different populations, but none of them analyzed urological patients who underwent elective surgery.

Methods: We enrolled prospectively patients who underwent elective surgery between March and October 2020. A survey on COVID-19 and the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale (PPS-4) questionnaire were administered at hospital admission. Demographic and medical history data were also collected. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of higher PSS-4 values (≥7).

Results: A total of 200 patients were enrolled. Mean PSS-4 value resulted 6.04. Patients with PSS-4 value ≥7 resulted 43.5% (87/200). In multivariate analysis, PSS-4 value ≥7 was independently associated (p < 0.05) with female gender (OR 6.42), oncological disease (OR 2.87), high (>5 in a range between 0 and 10) fear of intrahospital transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 4.75), history of bladder instillation (OR 0.26), and current smokers (OR 0.27).

Conclusion: High PSS-4 values at hospital admission in urologic surgical patients are positively correlated with female gender, fear of intrahospital transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and oncological disease. PSS-4 questionnaire could be useful to select patients for whom a preadmission counselling is necessary to improve the management of their high stress level.

Keywords: COVID-1; PSS-4; stress levels; urologic patients; urologic surgery.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: Prof. Ettore Mearini and Prof. Giovanni Cochetii are Section Editors in the journal Open Medicine, but it has not affected the peer-review process.

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