Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Sep 15;23(1):18.
doi: 10.1186/s12575-021-00155-7.

Mesenchymal stem cells: A comprehensive methods for odontoblastic induction

Benson Koh  1 , Nadiah Sulaiman  1 , Sharifah Nursyazwani Shahirah Wan Ismadi  1 , Roszalina Ramli  2 , Siti Salmiah Mohd Yunus  2 , Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus  1 , Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin  3 , Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab  4 , Muhammad Dain Yazid  5
Affiliations
Review

Mesenchymal stem cells: A comprehensive methods for odontoblastic induction

Benson Koh et al. Biol Proced Online. .

Abstract

Background: In the area of oral and maxillofacial surgery, regenerative endodontics aims to present alternative options to conventional treatment strategies. With continuous advances in regenerative medicine, the source of cells used for pulp tissue regeneration is not only limited to mesenchymal stem cells as the non-mesenchymal stem cells have shown capabilities too. In this review, we are systematically assessing the recent findings on odontoblastic differentiation induction with scaffold and non-scaffold approaches.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in Pubmed, and Scopus, and relevant studies published between 2015 and 2020 were selected following the PRISMA guideline. The main inclusion criteria were that articles must be revolving on method for osteoblast differentiation in vitro study. Therefore, in vivo and human or animal clinical studies were excluded. The search outcomes identified all articles containing the word "odontoblast", "differentiation", and "mesenchymal stem cell".

Results: The literature search identified 99 related studies, but only 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. These include 5 odontoblastic differentiation induction with scaffold, 6 inductions without scaffolds. The data collected were characterised into two main categories: type of cells undergo odontoblastic differentiation, and odontoblastic differentiation techniques using scaffolds or non-scaffold.

Conclusion: Based on the data analysis, the scaffold-based odontoblastic induction method seems to be a better option compared to the non-scaffold method. In addition of that, the combination of growth factors in scaffold-based methods could possibly enhance the differentiation. Thus, further detailed studies are still required to understand the mechanism and the way to enhance odontoblastic differentiation.

Keywords: Dental cells; Dentinogenesis; Mesenchymal stem cells; Odontoblastic differentiation.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The dentinogenesis starts at the late bell stage. The inner dental epithelium induced by various signalling molecules such as Wnt, Runx-2, and TGF-β differentiate into pre-ameloblast and subsequently become secretory ameloblast. Whilst, the ectomesenvhymal cells reside in dental papilla becomes the pre-odontoblast and the other cells remain undifferentiated. Pre-odontoblast develop into tall and polarized with the nucleus away from the dental membrane known as Tomes fibers. Tomes fibers connect with the cells at surface of dentin and continuously secrete organic matrix which composed of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and collagens. The matrix accumulates as unmineralized layer (pre-dentin) and gradually mineralizes to form dentin
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Flow chart of the article selection process from Pubmed and Scopus and databases
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Galler KM, D’Souza RN, Federlin M, Cavender AC, Hartgerink JD, Hecker S, et al. Dentin conditioning codetermines cell fate in regenerative endodontics. J Endod. 2011;37(11):1536–1541. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.08.027. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Simon S, Smith AJ, Berdal A, Lumley PJ, Cooper PR. The MAP kinase pathway is involved in odontoblast stimulation via p38 phosphorylation. J Endod. 2010;36(2):256–259. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.09.019. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Wang J, Ma H, Jin X, Hu J, Liu X, Ni L, et al. The effect of scaffold architecture on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. Biomaterials. 2011;32(31):7822–7830. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.04.034. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Huo N, Tang L, Yang Z, Qian H, Wang Y, Han C, et al. Differentiation of dermal multipotent cells into odontogenic lineage induced by embryonic and neonatal tooth germ cell-conditioned medium. Stem Cells Dev. 2010;19(1):93–103. doi: 10.1089/scd.2009.0048. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Wang Y-X, Ma Z-F, Huo N, Tang L, Han C, Duan Y-Z, et al. Porcine tooth germ cell conditioned medium can induce odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2011;5(5):354–362. doi: 10.1002/term.321. - DOI - PubMed