Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Sep 15;121(11):835-842.
doi: 10.1515/jom-2021-0101.

Functional evaluation of the diaphragm with a noninvasive test

Bruno Bordoni  1 , Allan R Escher  2
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Functional evaluation of the diaphragm with a noninvasive test

Bruno Bordoni et al. J Osteopath Med. .
Free article

Abstract

Cardiac surgery with median sternotomy causes iatrogenic damage to the function of the diaphragm muscle that is both temporary and permanent. Myocardial infarction itself causes diaphragmatic genetic alterations, which lead the muscle to nonphysiological adaptation. The respiratory muscle area plays several roles in maintaining both physical and mental health, as well as in maximizing recovery after a cardiac event. The evaluation of the diaphragm is a fundamental step in the therapeutic process, including the use of instruments such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed axial tomography (CT). This article reviews the neurophysiological relationships of the diaphragm muscle and the symptoms of diaphragmatic contractile dysfunction. The authors discuss a scientific basis for the use of a new noninstrumental diaphragmatic test in the hope of stimulating research.

Keywords: breathing test; cardiopulmonary medicine; cardiothoracic surgery; diaphragm; osteopathic; phrenic nerve; sternotomy; vagus nerve.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Fatehi Hassanabad, A, Kent, WDT, Adams, C. Review of transapical off-pump mitral valve intervention with NeoChord implantation. Curr Opin Cardiol 2021;36:130–40. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCO.0000000000000825.
    1. Bakhtiary, F, El-Sayed Ahmad, A, Amer, M, Salamate, S, Sirat, S, Borger, MA. Video-assisted minimally invasive aortic valve replacement through right anterior minithoracotomy for all comers with aortic valve disease. Innovations 2020: 1556984520977212. https://doi.org/10.1177/1556984520977212.
    1. Shafi, AMA, Abuelgasim, E, Abuelgasim, B, Iddawela, S, Harky, A. Sternal closure with single compared with double or figure of 8 wires in obese patients following cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Card Surg 2021;36:1072–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.15339.
    1. Preventza, O, Amarasekara, H, Price, MD, Chatterjee, S, Green, SY, Woodside, S, et al.. Propensity score analysis in patients with and without previous isolated coronary artery bypass grafting who require proximal aortic and arch surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020;33144–5:S0022-5223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.10.153.
    1. Bordoni, B, Marelli, F, Morabito, B, Sacconi, B, Severino, P. Post-sternotomy pain syndrome following cardiac surgery: case report. J Pain Res 2017;10:1163–9. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S129394.

LinkOut - more resources