Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Multicenter Study
. 2021 Sep 16;21(1):1034.
doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-08764-x.

Risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its histological precursor lesions in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Chen Niu #  1 , Yong Liu #  2 , Jialin Wang  3 , Yuqin Liu  4 , Shaokai Zhang  5 , Yongzhen Zhang  6 , Liwei Zhang  7 , Deli Zhao  8 , Fugang Liu  9 , Lina Chao  10 , Xinzheng Wang  11 , Chunli Zhang  12 , Guohui Song  13 , Zhiyi Zhang  14 , Youpeng Li  15 , Zheng Yan  16 , Yongxiu Wen  17 , Yinyin Ge  18 , Zhaoping Zang  1 , Wei Feng  1 , Haiping Zhang  1 , Lixin Tao  1 , Rena Nakyeyune  1 , Yi Shen  1 , Yi Shao  1 , Xiuhua Guo  1 , Toni Miles  19 , Aiming Yang  20 , Fen Liu  21 , Guiqi Wang  22
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its histological precursor lesions in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Chen Niu et al. BMC Cancer. .

Abstract

Background: Despite research efforts, the causative factors that contribute to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in high-risk areas have not yet been understood. In this study, we, therefore, aimed to describe the risk factors associated with ESCC and its precursor lesions.

Methods: We performed an endoscopic examination of 44,857 individuals aged 40-69 years from five high incidence regions of China in 2017-2018. Participants were classified as 4 groups of normal control, esophagitis, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia/esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HGIN/ESCC) using an unconditional logistic regression determine risk factors.

Results: We identified 4890 esophagitis, 1874 LGIN and 437 HGIN/ESCC cases. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. Drinking well and surface water, salty diet, and positive family history of cancer were the common risk factors for esophagitis, LGIN and HGIN/ESCC. History of chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis was the greatest risk factor of esophagitis (adjusted OR 2.96, 95%CI 2.52-3.47) and HGIN/ESCC (adjusted OR 1.91, 95%CI 1.03-3.22). Pesticide exposure (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05-1.37) was essential risk factor of LGIN.

Conclusions: Among individuals aged 40-69 years in high incidence regions of upper gastrointestinal cancer, the results provided important epidemiological evidence for the prevention of different precancerous lesions of ESCC.

Keywords: Cross-sectional study; Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; Precancerous lesions; Prevention; Risk factor.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of participant selection. LGIN = low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; HGIN = high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia; ESCC = esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. doi: 10.3322/caac.21492. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zheng RS, Sun KX, Zhang SW, Zeng HM, Zou XN, Chen R, Gu XY, Wei WW, He J. Report of cancer epidemiology in China, 2015. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2019;41(1):19–28. - PubMed
    1. Arnold M, Soerjomataram I, Ferlay J, Forman D. Global incidence of oesophageal cancer by histological subtype in 2012. Gut. 2015;64(3):381–387. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308124. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Abnet CC, Arnold M, Wei WQ. Epidemiology of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2018;154(2):360–373. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.08.023. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Blot WJ, Li JY. Some considerations in the design of a nutrition intervention trial in Linxian, People’s Republic of China. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1985;69:29–34. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms