Zoonotic potential and prevalence of Salmonella serovars isolated from pets

Abstract

Salmonellosis is a global health problem, affecting approximately 1.3 billion people annually. Most of these cases are related to food contamination. However, although the majority of Salmonella serovars are pathogenic to humans, animals can be asymptomatic carriers of these bacteria. Nowadays, a wide range of animals is present in human households as pets, including reptiles, amphibians, dogs, cats, ornamental birds, and rodents. Pets contaminate the environment of their owners by shedding the bacteria intermittently in their feaces. In consequence, theyare thought to cause salmonellosis through pet-to-human transmission. Each Salmonella serovar has a different zoonotic potential, which is strongly regulated by stress factors such as transportation, crowding, food deprivation, or temperature. In this review, we summarize the latest reports concerning Salmonella-prevalence and distribution in pets as well as the risk factors and means of prevention of human salmonellosis caused by contact with their pets. Our literature analysis (based on PubMed and Google Scholar databases) is limited to the distribution of Salmonella serovars found in commonly owned pet species. We collected the recent results of studies concerning testing for Salmonella spp. in biological samples, indicating their prevalence in pets, with regard to clinical cases of human salmonellosis.

Keywords: Pet animals; pet regulations; salmonella serovars distribution; zoonotic transmission.

Figure 1.

Home balcony keeping ornamental birds in Wałbrzych, Poland [author: Emil Paluch] (as the example of potential Salmonella spp. transmission from wild, free-living birds (zoom on the lower, right arrow) to ornamental birds outdoor)

Figure 2.

Factors influencing Salmonella-prevalence among domestic animals, exluding diet [29,35]