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Review
. 2021 Nov;73(11):1293-1306.
doi: 10.1002/iub.2558.

PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: Prospectives for immunotherapy in cancer and autoimmunity

Ramin Hosseinzadeh  1 , Fahimeh Feizisani  2 , Navid Shomali  3   4   5 , Walid Kamal Abdelbasset  6   7 , Maryam Hemmatzadeh  3   5 , Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq  8 , Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh  4   5 , Dmitry O Bokov  9   10 , Morteza Janebifam  3 , Hamed Mohammadi  11   12
Affiliations
Free article
Review

PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: Prospectives for immunotherapy in cancer and autoimmunity

Ramin Hosseinzadeh et al. IUBMB Life. 2021 Nov.
Free article

Abstract

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT) has become a successful cancer treatment approach in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Blockade of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) with monoclonal antibodies have been known as successful examples of cancer immunotherapy in recent years. Although ICBT has been shown to be beneficial in cancers, such benefits have only been seen in a portion of cancer patients. In this regard, enhancing the therapeutic effects of inhibiting PD-1 and PD-L1 and reducing the side effects of this approach can be considered as a potential approach in a successful ICBT. In this review, we have highlighted new viewpoints regarding improving the therapeutic effect of PD-1 and PD-L1 blockades in cancer therapy. Besides, their expression levels as a biomarker with prognostic value, their role in intestinal microbiota modulation, combination therapy, and immune-related side effects (irAEs) have been discussed.

Keywords: PD-1; PD-L1; cancer immunotherapy; gut microbiota; immune checkpoint blockade therapy; irAEs.

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References

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