Social Jetlag Is Associated With Impaired Metabolic Control During a 1-Year Follow-Up

Abstract

Previous studies have identified social jetlag (SJL) as a risk factor for non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCDs), but its association with metabolic control over time is unclear in the literature. Therefore, we examined the influence of SJL on metabolic parameters and blood pressure (BP) in patients with NCCDs over a 1-year follow-up. This retrospective, longitudinal study included 625 individuals (age: 56.0 +12.0 years; 76% female) with NCCDs [type 2 diabetes mellitus (TD2), systemic arterial hypertension (SHA), obesity, or dyslipidemia]. SJL was calculated based on the absolute difference between mid-sleep time on weekends and weekdays. Current metabolic parameters and BP of the patients were compared with data from a year prior. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association among SJL, metabolic parameters, and BP. Multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for confounders showed that SJL was positively associated with the delta difference of fasting glucose (β = 0.11, p = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (β = 0.09, p = 0.04) among all subjects with NCCDs, and with fasting glucose (β = 0.30, p = 0.0001) and triglyceride levels (β = 0.22, p = 0.01) in the TD2 group. GEE analysis demonstrated an isolated effect of SJL on diastolic BP. High SJL impaired clinical and metabolic control in individuals with NCCDs, leading to a worse profile after a 1-year follow-up, particularly among type II diabetics.

Keywords: chronic diseases; circadian rhythms; metabolic parameters; sleep; social jetlag.

FIGURE 1

Methods to examine the influence of SJL on metabolic parameters and blood pressure (BP) over a year of follow-up. In this retrospective and longitudinal study the degree of exposure to SJL was assessed at the time of follow-up and the metabolic parameters were compared in two different times. Our assessments were carried out from September 2015 to July 2016; and in the present study we included only those patients who had in the medical record metabolic parameters referring to the year prior to the interview and anthropometric evaluation. Thus, the evaluation of the metabolic parameters was as follows: for the individuals interviewed in 2015, the metabolic parameters for the year 2014 were retrieved from the electronic medical record, with a 12-month interval; and for individuals interviewed in 2016, the metabolic parameters for 2015 were retrieved from the electronic medical record, with a 12-month interval. SJL, social jetlag.