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1 Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
2 Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
3 Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE & Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
4 Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
5 The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
6 Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
7 Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. xinli@msl.ubc.ca.
8 Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. xinli@msl.ubc.ca.
9 Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. yuelin.zhang@ubc.ca.
1 Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
2 Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
3 Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE & Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
4 Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
5 The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
6 Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
7 Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. xinli@msl.ubc.ca.
8 Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. xinli@msl.ubc.ca.
9 Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. yuelin.zhang@ubc.ca.
Plant immune responses are mainly activated by two types of receptor. Pattern recognition receptors localized on the plasma membrane perceive extracellular microbial features, and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) recognize intracellular effector proteins from pathogens1. NLRs possessing amino-terminal Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains activate defence responses via the NADase activity of the TIR domain2,3. Here we report that activation of TIR signalling has a key role in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) mediated by pattern recognition receptors. TIR signalling mutants exhibit attenuated PTI responses and decreased resistance against pathogens. Consistently, PTI is compromised in plants with reduced NLR levels. Treatment with the PTI elicitor flg22 or nlp20 rapidly induces many genes encoding TIR-domain-containing proteins, which is likely to be responsible for activating TIR signalling during PTI. Overall, our study reveals that activation of TIR signalling is an important mechanism for boosting plant defence during PTI.
Zhou, J. M. & Zhang, Y. Plant immunity: danger perception and signaling. Cell 181, 978–989 (2020).
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Wan, L. et al. TIR domains of plant immune receptors are NAD+-cleaving enzymes that promote cell death. Science 365, 799–803 (2019).
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Horsefield, S. et al. NAD+ cleavage activity by animal and plant TIR domains in cell death pathways. Science 365, 793–799 (2019).
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Monaghan, J. & Zipfel, C. Plant pattern recognition receptor complexes at the plasma membrane. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 15, 349–357 (2012).
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Liebrand, T. W., van den Burg, H. A. & Joosten, M. H. Two for all: receptor-associated kinases SOBIR1 and BAK1. Trends Plant Sci. 19, 123–132 (2014).
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