[Kidney biopsy in Reunion Island between 2015 and 2017, an epidemiological study]

Abstract

Introduction: Reunion Island's population is characterized by a multiethnic origin, which makes it impossible to transpose epidemiological data of Metropolitan France. Only REIN Registry provides a macroscopic view of kidney disease, limited to the causes of end stage renal disease.

Methods: This is a regional retrospective study whose main objective is to describe renal pathologies in Reunion Island's adults over a period of 3 years. Kidney transplants are excluded.

Results: Between 2015 and 2017, 338 native adult kidney biopsies performed on the island are collected. The annual biopsy rate is 132/million/year with preponderance in the northern part of the island due to a higher density of nephrologists. Nephrotic syndrome is the first indication with 30% of cases. The four main results are represented by IgA nephropathy (16%), diabetic nephropathy (12.4%), lupus nephropathy (11.2%) and isolated vascular nephropathy (11%). Incidence of glomerulopathies is similar to the worldwide incidence, nevertheless a preponderant place of diabetic nephropathy is found. On the biopsies performed, incidence of complications is evaluated at 7.5%, with no difference between the detection technique used.

Conclusion: This is the first study illustrating main renal pathologies in Reunion Island. Diabetes' frequency in general population is a major confounding factor in diagnosis and management of kidney diseases on the island.

Keywords: Biopsie rénale; Epidemiology; Kidney biopsy; La Réunion; Reunion-Island; Épidémiologie.