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. 2021 Sep 21;11(1):18704.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98103-8.

Thermal growth in solar water pump using Prandtl-Eyring hybrid nanofluid: a solar energy application

Wasim Jamshed  1 , Nor Ain Azeany Mohd Nasir  2 , Siti Suzilliana Putri Mohamed Isa  3 , Rabia Safdar  4   5 , Faisal Shahzad  6 , Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar  7 , Mohamed R Eid  8   9 , Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty  10   11 , I S Yahia  12   13   14
Affiliations

Thermal growth in solar water pump using Prandtl-Eyring hybrid nanofluid: a solar energy application

Wasim Jamshed et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Nowadays, with the advantages of nanotechnology and solar radiation, the research of Solar Water Pump (SWP) production has become a trend. In this article, Prandtl-Eyring hybrid nanofluid (P-EHNF) is chosen as a working fluid in the SWP model for the production of SWP in a parabolic trough surface collector (PTSC) is investigated for the case of numerous viscous dissipation, heat radiations, heat source, and the entropy generation analysis. By using a well-established numerical scheme the group of equations in terms of energy and momentum have been handled that is called the Keller-box method. The velocity, temperature, and shear stress are briefly explained and displayed in tables and figures. Nusselt number and surface drag coefficient are also being taken into reflection for illustrating the numerical results. The first finding is the improvement in SWP production is generated by amplification in thermal radiation and thermal conductivity variables. A single nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid is very crucial to provide us the efficient heat energy sources. Further, the thermal efficiency of MoS2-Cu/EO than Cu-EO is between 3.3 and 4.4% The second finding is the addition of entropy is due to the increasing level of radiative flow, nanoparticles size, and Prandtl-Eyring variable.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The theoretical experiment of a solar water pump.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Diagram of the flow model.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chart of KBM steps.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The rectangular grid of difference approximation.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Velocity, (b) temperature and (c) entropy variation versus α∗.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Velocity, (b) temperature and (c) entropy variation versus β∗.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Velocity, (b) temperature, and (c) entropy change with K.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) Velocity, (b) temperature and (c) entropy versus ϕ and ϕhnf.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(a) Velocity, (b) temperature and (c) entropy variations with ΛL.
Figure 10
Figure 10
(a) Temperature and (b) entropy variations versus NL.
Figure 11
Figure 11
(a) Temperature and (b) entropy variations with EL.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Entropy variations versus (a) Re and (b) Br.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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