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. 2021 Oct;5(10):1676-1688.
doi: 10.1002/hep4.1760. Epub 2021 Jul 1.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Prevalence Trends Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States, 2007-2016

Tamoore Arshad  1 , James M Paik  2 , Rakesh Biswas  1 , Saleh A Alqahtani  3   4 , Linda Henry  4 , Zobair M Younossi  1   2   5
Affiliations

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Prevalence Trends Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States, 2007-2016

Tamoore Arshad et al. Hepatol Commun. 2021 Oct.

Abstract

Understanding the burden of NAFLD among adolescents and young adults has become increasingly relevant. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Data were obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007-2016. Adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 29 years were included. NAFLD was determined by the U.S. Fatty Liver Index in the absence of secondary causes of liver disease, and the differences in prevalence trends were analyzed based on age, gender, and race. Complete data were available for 4,654 adolescents and young adults (mean age 21 years; 50.9% male; 56.8% White, 20.9% Hispanic, and 13.3% Black). The overall prevalence of NAFLD among adolescents and young adults was 18.5%, ranging from 13.2% among early and middle adolescents (12-17 years) to 18.7% among late adolescents and young adults (18-24 years), to 24.0% among older young adults (25-30 years) (trend P < 0.001). The prevalence of NAFLD was higher for boys than for girls (aged 12-17: 15.1% vs. 11.3%; aged 18-24: 21.1% vs. 16.2%; aged 25-30: 28.7% vs. 19.2%, all P < 0.030). Among all age groups, Hispanics had a higher prevalence of NAFLD than Whites and Blacks (pairwise P < 0.001). Over the study time period, the prevalence of NAFLD among early and middle adolescents and young adults did not change (trend P > 0.80). In contrast, NAFLD prevalence among late adolescents increased (trend P = 0.018). In fact, White and Hispanic late adolescents were the drivers behind this increase in the prevalence of NAFLD. Conclusion: These data indicate an increasing trend in NAFLD prevalence among 18-24-year-olds. These data have important public health and policy implications.

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Figures

FIG. 1
FIG. 1
Prevalence of NAFLD among adolescents and young adults aged 12‐29 years in NHANES by age group and Sex.
FIG. 2
FIG. 2
Prevalence of NAFLD among adolescents and young adults aged 12‐29 years in NHANES by age group, sex, and race/ethnicity.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

  • Best buy interventions to address the burden of steatotic liver disease.
    Lazarus JV, Mark HE, Alkhouri N, Díaz LA, Duseja A, Spearman CW, Thiele M, Wong VW, Younossi ZM. Lazarus JV, et al. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Nov;9(11):975-977. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00220-6. Epub 2024 Sep 3. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024. PMID: 39241795 No abstract available.

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