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Review
. 2021 Sep 9:12:681504.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681504. eCollection 2021.

Minimizing Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Xenotransplantation

Parth M Patel  1 , Margaret R Connolly  1 , Taylor M Coe  1 , Anthony Calhoun  1   2 , Franziska Pollok  1   3 , James F Markmann  1   4 , Lars Burdorf  1   2 , Agnes Azimzadeh  1   2 , Joren C Madsen  1   2 , Richard N Pierson 3rd  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Minimizing Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Xenotransplantation

Parth M Patel et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

The recent dramatic advances in preventing "initial xenograft dysfunction" in pig-to-non-human primate heart transplantation achieved by minimizing ischemia suggests that ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) plays an important role in cardiac xenotransplantation. Here we review the molecular, cellular, and immune mechanisms that characterize IRI and associated "primary graft dysfunction" in allotransplantation and consider how they correspond with "xeno-associated" injury mechanisms. Based on this analysis, we describe potential genetic modifications as well as novel technical strategies that may minimize IRI for heart and other organ xenografts and which could facilitate safe and effective clinical xenotransplantation.

Keywords: ex vivo perfusion; initial xenograft dysfunction; ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury; ischemia reperfusion injury mechanisms; ischemia reperfusion injury minimization; xenotranplantation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The molecular mechanisms involved in ischemia reperfusion injury and how they interact with one another.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The systemic mechanisms involved with ischemia reperfusion injury.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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