Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Sep 10;12(9):1398.
doi: 10.3390/genes12091398.

Pharmacogenomics: An Update on Biologics and Small-Molecule Drugs in the Treatment of Psoriasis

Valerio Caputo  1   2 , Claudia Strafella  1   2 , Terenzio Cosio  3 , Caterina Lanna  3 , Elena Campione  3 , Giuseppe Novelli  1   4   5 , Emiliano Giardina  1   2 , Raffaella Cascella  1   6
Affiliations
Review

Pharmacogenomics: An Update on Biologics and Small-Molecule Drugs in the Treatment of Psoriasis

Valerio Caputo et al. Genes (Basel). .

Abstract

Pharmacogenomic studies allowed the reasons behind the different responses to treatments to be understood. Its clinical utility, in fact, is demonstrated by the reduction in adverse drug reaction incidence and the improvement of drug efficacy. Pharmacogenomics is an important tool that is able to improve the drug therapy of different disorders. In particular, this review will highlight the current pharmacogenomics knowledge about biologics and small-molecule treatments for psoriasis. To date, studies performed on genes involved in the metabolism of biological drugs (tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and cytokines inhibitors) and small molecules (apremilast, dimethyl fumarate, and tofacitinib) have provided conflicting results, and further investigations are necessary in order to establish a set of biomarkers to be introduced into clinical practice.

Keywords: biomarkers; drug; pharmacogenomics; polymorphisms; psoriasis; psoriatic arthritis; treatment.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

    1. Zhang X., Kuivenhoven J.A., Groen A.K. Forward individualized medicine from personal genomes to interactomes. Front. Physiol. 2015;6:364. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00364. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Stocchi L., Cascella R., Zampatti S., Pirazzoli A., Novelli G., Giardina E. The pharmacogenomic HLA biomarker associated to adverse abacavir reactions: Comparative analysis of different genotyping methods. Curr. Genom. 2012;13:314–320. doi: 10.2174/138920212800793311. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cascella R., Strafella C., Ragazzo M., Zampatti S., Borgiani P., Gambardella S., Pirazzoli A., Novelli G., Giardina E. Direct PCR: A new pharmacogenetic approach for the inexpensive testing of HLA-B*57:01. Pharmacogenom. J. 2014;15:196–200. doi: 10.1038/tpj.2014.48. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Crews K.R., Hicks J.K., Pui C.-H., Relling M.V., Evans W.E. Pharmacogenomics and individualized medicine: Translating science into practice. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2012;92:467–475. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2012.120. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Varnai R., Szabo I., Tarlos G., Szentpeteri L.J., Sik A., Balogh S., Sipeky C. Pharmacogenomic biomarker information differences between drug labels in the United States and Hungary: Implementation from medical practitioner view. Pharmacogenom. J. 2020;20:380–387. doi: 10.1038/s41397-019-0123-z. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

MeSH terms

Substances