Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Sep 14;23(9):1209.
doi: 10.3390/e23091209.

Research on Driving Fatigue Alleviation Using Interesting Auditory Stimulation Based on VMD-MMSE

Fuwang Wang  1 , Bin Lu  1 , Xiaogang Kang  1 , Rongrong Fu  2
Affiliations

Research on Driving Fatigue Alleviation Using Interesting Auditory Stimulation Based on VMD-MMSE

Fuwang Wang et al. Entropy (Basel). .

Abstract

The accurate detection and alleviation of driving fatigue are of great significance to traffic safety. In this study, we tried to apply the modified multi-scale entropy (MMSE) approach, based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), to driving fatigue detection. Firstly, the VMD was used to decompose EEG into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), then the best IMFs and scale factors were selected using the least square method (LSM). Finally, the MMSE features were extracted. Compared with the traditional sample entropy (SampEn), the VMD-MMSE method can identify the characteristics of driving fatigue more effectively. The VMD-MMSE characteristics combined with a subjective questionnaire (SQ) were used to analyze the change trends of driving fatigue under two driving modes: normal driving mode and interesting auditory stimulation mode. The results show that the interesting auditory stimulation method adopted in this paper can effectively relieve driving fatigue. In addition, the interesting auditory stimulation method, which simply involves playing interesting auditory information on the vehicle-mounted player, can effectively relieve driving fatigue. Compared with traditional driving fatigue-relieving methods, such as sleeping and drinking coffee, this interesting auditory stimulation method can relieve fatigue in real-time when the driver is driving normally.

Keywords: LSM; MMSE; SQ; VMD; driving fatigue alleviation; interesting auditory stimulation.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Experimental setup.
Figure 2
Figure 2
IMF component.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Single-scale entropy change trends/slopes (absolute values) for five IMFs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The relation between absolute slope and the scale factor.
Figure 5
Figure 5
MMSE results of the two driving modes. (a) Variations in MMSE characteristics of the O1 channel in the two driving modes; (b) Variations in MMSE characteristics of the O2 channel in the two driving modes.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Changes in questionnaire scores over the driving stages.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Comparison of the trends of VMD-MMSE and SampEn characteristics in a subject. (a) Fitting of VMD-MMSE feature changes using LSM; (b) Fitting of SampEn feature changes using LSM.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Mahajan K., Velaga N.R. Effects of Partial Sleep Deprivation on Braking Response of Drivers in Hazard Scenarios. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2020;142:105545. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105545. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zhang G.N., Yau K.K.W., Zhang X., Li Y.Y. Traffic accidents involving fatigue driving and their extent of casualties. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2016;87:34–42. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.10.033. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ma Y.L., Zhang S.J., Qi D.L., Luo Z.Z., Li R., Potter T., Zhang Y. Driving Drowsiness Detection with EEG Using a Modified Hierarchical Extreme Learning Machine Algorithm with Particle Swarm Optimization: A Pilot Study. Electronics. 2020;9:775. doi: 10.3390/electronics9050775. - DOI
    1. Byeon H. Exploring the Predictors of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder for Parkinson’s Disease Patients Using Classifier Ensemble. Healthcare. 2020;8:121. doi: 10.3390/healthcare8020121. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Useche S.A., Ortiz V.G., Cendales B.E. Stress-related psychosocial factors at work, fatigue, and risky driving behavior in bus rapid transport (BRT) drivers. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2017;104:106–114. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.04.023. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources