Atopic Dermatitis-Beyond the Skin

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can arise during the first months of life or at maturity and have a significant negative impact on the quality of life. The main pathogenic mechanism is the breakdown of cutaneous barrier integrity, which is associated with systemic inflammatory immunologic disorders. Atopic dermatitis involves numerous immunologic, allergic, respiratory, and ophthalmologic comorbidities that develop through similar intricate pathogenic phenomena. The atopic march represents the evolution in time of various allergic diseases, of which food allergies often cause the first manifestations of atopy, even from a very young age. Chronic inflammation translated through specific markers, next to increased immunoglobulin E (IgE) serum levels and heterogenous clinical manifestations, argue for the inclusion of atopic dermatitis in the systemic disease category.

Keywords: atopic dermatitis; chronic inflammation; comorbidities; extra-cutaneous manifestations.

Figure 1

(a) Lesions appears to be erythematous plaques with well-defined borders and covered with fine scales and xerotic and itchy areas, extensively involving the trunk and abdomen. (b) Symmetric erythematous plaques accompanied by xerosis, pruritus, and fine non-adherent scales involving the face of a baby (cheekbones, chin, forehead).