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Review
. 2021 Sep 19;22(18):10122.
doi: 10.3390/ijms221810122.

Effect of Endogenic and Exogenic Oxidative Stress Triggers on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preterm Birth

Eun Hui Joo  1 , Young Ran Kim  1 , Nari Kim  1 , Jae Eun Jung  1 , Seon Ha Han  1 , Hee Young Cho  2
Affiliations
Review

Effect of Endogenic and Exogenic Oxidative Stress Triggers on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preterm Birth

Eun Hui Joo et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify them. During a normal pregnancy, oxidative stress increases the normal systemic inflammatory response and is usually well-controlled by the balanced body mechanism of the detoxification of anti-oxidative products. However, pregnancy is also a condition in which this adaptation and balance can be easily disrupted. Excessive ROS is detrimental and associated with many pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preterm birth (PTB), by damaging placentation. The placenta is a tissue rich in mitochondria that produces the majority of ROS, so it is important to maintain normal placental function and properly develop its vascular network to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy. Antioxidants may ameliorate these diseases, and related research is progressing. This review aimed to determine the association between oxidative stress and adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially PE, FGR, GDM, and PTB, and explore how to overcome this oxidative stress in these unfavorable conditions.

Keywords: fetal growth restriction; gestational diabetes mellitus; oxidative stress; preeclampsia; preterm birth.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overveiw of the redox environment. In the redox environment, ROS concentration can remain stable without damaging other organ systems. However, if the antioxidant-ROS balance is disrupted, oxidative stress will occur and induce abnormal placentation by increasing vascular resistance within the placenta, allowing oxidative stress to overwhelm antioxidants, and shortening telomeres, leading to cellular senescence. Preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes mellitus and preterm birth are the related complications.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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