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. 2021 Sep 18;13(18):3172.
doi: 10.3390/polym13183172.

Dye Adsorption Mechanism of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastic/Clay Ceramics and Influencing Factors

Hiroyuki Kinoshita  1 , Koya Sasaki  2 , Kentaro Yasui  3 , Yuko Miyakawa  4 , Toshifumi Yuji  5 , Naoaki Misawa  6 , Narong Mungkung  7
Affiliations

Dye Adsorption Mechanism of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastic/Clay Ceramics and Influencing Factors

Hiroyuki Kinoshita et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

The effective reuse of waste glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) is desired. We previously produced porous ceramics by firing mixtures of crushed GFRP and clay in a reducing atmosphere and demonstrated their applicability as adsorbents for the removal of basic dyes from dyeing wastewater. However, the primary influencing factors and the dye adsorption mechanism have not been fully elucidated, and the adsorption of acidic and direct dyes has not been clarified. In this study, adsorption tests were conducted, and the effects of the firing atmosphere, specific surface area, type of dye, and individual components were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that reductively fired ceramics containing plastic carbide residue adsorbed basic dye very well but did not adsorb acidic dye well. The clay structure was the primary factor for the dye adsorption rather than the GFRP carbide. The mechanism for the basic dye adsorption appears to have been an increase in specific surface area due to the plastic carbide residue in the ceramic structure, which increased the ion exchange between the clay minerals and the dye. By adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution, the GFRP/clay ceramic also adsorbed considerable amounts of direct dye, so the mechanism was determined to be ion exchange with the calcium component of the glass fibers.

Keywords: adsorbent; ceramics; dyeing wastewater; reduction firing; reuse; waste GFRP.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Manufacturing process of GFRP/clay ceramic samples used for the dye adsorption tests.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Microscope images of the samples. (a) Clay (b) 60% GFRP/clay (Oxidatively fired) (c) 60% GFRP/clay (Reductively fired).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pore size distributions of clay and GFRP/clay ceramic samples.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Pore size distribution and specific surface area of GFRP carbides.
Figure 5
Figure 5
SEM images of the surface structures of clay and GFRP/clay ceramic samples.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Schematic diagram of the dye adsorption test.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Dye concentration reduction rates of samples.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The temporal changes in pH of the dye solutions.
Figure 9
Figure 9
MB (a), Orange II (b), Congo-red (c) dye concentration reduction rates of the GFRP carbides and glass fibers.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Temporal changes in pH of MB (a), Orange II (b) and Congo-red (c) dye solutions.
Figure 11
Figure 11
(a) Congo-red dye concentration reduction rates and (b) the change in pH of the dye Scheme 20. GFRP/clay ceramic sample was adjusted in the range of 3–8 by adding hydrochloric acid.
Figure 12
Figure 12
(a) Comparison of the MB concentration reduction rates for clay ceramics with different specific surface areas and (b) pore size distribution of clay sample B.
Figure 13
Figure 13
MB concentration reduction rates on POM/clay ceramics.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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