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. 2021 Sep 21;13(18):3199.
doi: 10.3390/polym13183199.

Copper Rich Composite Materials Based on Carboxylic Cation Exchangers and Their Thermal Transformation

Elżbieta Kociołek-Balawejder  1 , Ewa Stanisławska  1 , Irena Jacukowicz-Sobala  1 , Igor Mucha  2
Affiliations

Copper Rich Composite Materials Based on Carboxylic Cation Exchangers and Their Thermal Transformation

Elżbieta Kociołek-Balawejder et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

The effect of a cupric deposit (Cu2+, CuO) on the thermal decomposition of carboxylic cation exchangers (CCEs) is not known, and such studies may have practical significance. CCEs have a very high ion exchange capacity, so an exceptionally large amount of CuO (which is a catalyst) can be precipitated inside them. Two CCEs, macroreticular (Amberlite IRC50) and gel-like (Amberlite IRC86), served as a polymeric support to obtain copper-rich hybrid ion exchangers. Composites with CuO particles inside a polyacrylic matrix (up to 35.0 wt% Cu) were obtained. Thermal analyses under air and under N2 were performed for CCEs in the H+ and Cu2+ form with and without a CuO deposit. The results of sixteen experiments are discussed based on the TG/DTG curves and XRD patterns of the solid residues. Under air, the cupric deposit shifted the particular transformations and the ultimate polymeric matter decomposition (combustion) toward lower temperatures (even about 100-150 °C). Under N2, the reduction of the cupric deposit to metallic copper took place. Unique composite materials enriched in carbonaceous matter were obtained, as the products of polymeric matrix decomposition (free radicals and hydrogen) created an additional amount of carbon char due to the utilization of a certain amount of hydrogen to reduce Cu (II) to Cu0.

Keywords: carboxylic cation exchanger; composite; cuprous oxide; incineration; metallic copper; pyrolysis; thermal analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Synthesis of HIXs containing CuO deposit within the matrix of carboxylic cation exchangers (A, B, D, E–ion exchange reactions, C–precipitation of CuO in alkaline medium).
Figure 1
Figure 1
Photographs of examined materials based on macroporous carboxylic cation exchanger (left column), solid residues after their thermal analysis in air (middle column) and in N2 (right column).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Photographs of examined materials based on gel-type carboxylic cation exchanger (left column), solid residues after their thermal analysis in air (middle column) and in N2 (right column).
Scheme 2
Scheme 2
Formation of anhydrides during thermal decomposition of carboxylic cation exchangers.
Figure 3
Figure 3
TG/DTG curves in air of (a) M/H, (b) M/Cu, (c) M/Cu#CuO, and (d) M/H#CuO.
Figure 4
Figure 4
TG/DTG curves in air of (a) G/H, (b) G/Cu, (c) G/Cu#CuO, and (d) G/H#CuO.
Figure 5
Figure 5
XRD patterns of residues in air.
Figure 6
Figure 6
TG/DTG curves in N2 of (a) M/H, (b) M/Cu, (c) M/Cu#CuO, and (d) M/H#CuO.
Figure 7
Figure 7
TG/DTG curves in N2 of (a) G/H, (b) G/Cu, (c) G/Cu#CuO, and (d) G/H#CuO.
Figure 8
Figure 8
XRD patterns of residues in N2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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