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Observational Study
. 2021 Aug 25;13(9):2954.
doi: 10.3390/nu13092954.

Association of Diet, Physical Activity Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Children

Mercedes Gil-Campos  1   2 , Alexandra Pérez-Ferreirós  3 , Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero  1   4 , Augusto Anguita-Ruiz  1   5   6 , Juan José Bedoya-Carpente  3 , Anton Kalén  3 , Luis A Moreno  1   7   8 , Gloria Bueno  1   7   8   9 , Ángel Gil  1   5   6 , Concepción M Aguilera  1   5   6 , Rosaura Leis  1   3   10   11
Affiliations
Observational Study

Association of Diet, Physical Activity Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Children

Mercedes Gil-Campos et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

The aim was to identify different dietary and physical activity (PA) patterns in 5- to 14-year-old children with a high prevalence of overweight and obesity using cluster analysis based on their adherence to the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition dietary guidelines and levels of PA, and to determine their associations with age, sex, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk markers. In 549 children, hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups with similar adherence to dietary recommendations and level of PA. Three clusters were identified: Cluster 1, with the lowest level of vigorous PA and adherence to dietary recommendations; Cluster 2, with the lowest levels of moderate and vigorous PA and the highest adherence to dietary recommendations; and Cluster 3, with the highest level of PA, especially vigorous PA and a medium level adherence to dietary recommendations. Cluster 3 had lower total body fat and higher lean body mass percentages than Cluster 2. Cluster 2 had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than Cluster 1. The results from our study suggest that it is important to consider adherence to PA recommendations together with adherence to dietary guidelines to understand patterns of obesogenic habits in pediatric populations with high prevalence of overweight and obesity.

Keywords: abdominal adiposity; cardiovascular diseases; child; child nutrition sciences; diet; exercise; metabolic syndrome; metabolism; obesity; pediatric obesity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Amount of physical activity (PA) and dietary adherence by BMI categories.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Heatmap of participants’ adherence to dietary recommendations and levels of physical activity (PA). The dendrogram shows the proximity between participants, which are divided into three clusters. The colors indicate standardized levels of adherence to dietary recommendations and the levels of PA.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Clustered standardized scores of adherence to dietary recommendations and levels of physical activity (PA). Ellipses represent 50% confidence levels.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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