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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2021 Aug 27;13(9):2990.
doi: 10.3390/nu13092990.

Adherence to Dietary Recommendations after One Year of Intervention in Breast Cancer Women: The DIANA-5 Trial

Eleonora Bruno  1 , Vittorio Krogh  1 , Giuliana Gargano  1 , Sara Grioni  1 , Manuela Bellegotti  1 , Elisabetta Venturelli  1 , Salvatore Panico  2 , Maria Santucci de Magistris  2 , Bernardo Bonanni  3 , Emanuela Zagallo  3 , Angelica Mercandino  4 , Maria Chiara Bassi  5 , Rosalba Amodio  6 , Maurizio Zarcone  6 , Rocco Galasso  7 , Maggiorino Barbero  8 , Milena Simeoni  9 , Maria Piera Mano  10   11 , Franco Berrino  1 , Anna Villarini  1 , Patrizia Pasanisi  1
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Adherence to Dietary Recommendations after One Year of Intervention in Breast Cancer Women: The DIANA-5 Trial

Eleonora Bruno et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

The Diet and Androgen-5 (DIANA-5) trial aimed at testing whether a dietary change based on the Mediterranean diet and on macrobiotic principles can reduce the incidence of breast cancer (BC)-related events. We analyzed the adherence to the DIANA-5 dietary recommendations by randomization group after 1 year of intervention. We evaluated the association between dietary adherence and changes in body weight and metabolic syndrome (MS) parameters. BC women aged 35-70 years were eligible. After the baseline examinations, women were randomized into an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG). A total of 1344 BC women (689 IG and 655 CG) concluded the first year of dietary intervention. IG showed greater anthropometric and metabolic improvements compared to CG. These changes were significantly associated with increased adherence to the dietary recommendations. Women who increased recommended foods consumption or reduced discouraged foods consumption showed an Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.37 (0.70-2.67) and 2.02 (1.03-3.98) to improve three or more MS parameters. Moreover, women in the higher category of dietary change showed a four times higher OR of reducing body weight compared to the lower category (p < 0.001). The DIANA-5 dietary intervention is effective in reducing body weight and MS parameters.

Keywords: DIANA-5; adherence to diet; weight and metabolic syndrome improvement.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Baseline daily frequency of consumption of recommended and discouraged food by randomization group. The baseline distribution of frequencies of food consumption in the intervention group and in the control group is represented by a Kiviat diagram. This graphic representation consists of a sequence of rays that originate from a center and forms equal angles to each other; each ray represents one of the food/food group variables. The distance from the central point marked on the radius is the maximum achieved frequency of consumption (time/day). The points on the rays are joined with two segments which are red and continuous for the intervention group and dashed for the control group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Changes of food frequencies consumption by randomization group. The distribution of the “Delta, Δ” change in frequencies of food consumption (time/day) in the intervention group and in the control group is represented by a Kiviat diagram. This graphic representation consists of a sequence of rays that originate from a center and forms equal angles to each other; each ray represents one of the food/food group variables. The distance from the center of the point marked on the radius is the “Delta, Δ” change of frequencies of food/food group consumption (time/day). The points on the rays are joined with two segments, red and continuous for the intervention group and dashed for the control group.
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