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. 2021 Sep 27;22(1):829.
doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04519-8.

Age-related increase in muscle stiffness is muscle length dependent and associated with muscle force in senior females

Jingfei Xu  1   2   3 , Siu Ngor Fu  4 , François Hug  5   6
Affiliations

Age-related increase in muscle stiffness is muscle length dependent and associated with muscle force in senior females

Jingfei Xu et al. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. .

Abstract

Background: In aging, muscle stiffness is considered as one of the factors associated with the reduction of force generation capability. There have been inconsistent findings on age-related alteration in the passive stiffness of quadriceps muscle in the female adults. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of aging on the shear moduli of the superficial muscle heads of the quadriceps and to explore its relationship with knee extension force.

Methods: Passive shear moduli of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis (VM) were measured at rest using shear wave elastography in 20 young and 20 senior female adults. Measurements were repeated at four knee joint positions, that is, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 105° of knee flexion. Maximal isometric voluntary knee extension force was assessed at 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion.

Results: As per our findings, senior adults were determined to have significantly higher passive muscle shear moduli in the RF (by 34% - 68%; all p < 0.05) and the VL muscle heads (by 13%-16%, all p < 0.05) at and beyond 60° of knee flexion. Age-related increase in the VM was evident at 105° knee flexion (by11%, p = 0.020). The RF shear modulus was negatively correlated to the maximal isometric voluntary contraction force measured at 60° (r = - 0.485, p = 0.030) in senior adults.

Conclusions: Senior female adults had greater passive stiffness at the superficial muscle heads of the quadriceps muscles when measured at long muscle length. Among the senior female adults, the passive stiffness of RF has been determined to have a negative association with the knee extensor force only at 60° knee flexion. No significant association was noted for other angles and muscles.

Keywords: Elastography; Muscle tension; Peak torque; Quadriceps femoris; Ultrasound.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The participant position during measurements. A typical image of muscle shear modulus of vastus medialis (VM) muscle is presented
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The shear moduli of VM, RF, and VL of the young and senior adults at different knee angles. Compared to young adults, the senior adults exhibited significantly greater shear moduli when assessed over 60° knee flexion for the RF and VL muscles and at 105° of knee flexion for the VM. *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01. VM: vastus medialis; RF: rectus femoris; VL: vastus lateralis
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Relationship between passive shear modulus of the rectus femoris muscle and the maximal isometric voluntary contraction torque at 60° of knee flexion in senior adults
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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