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Review
. 2022 Feb;60(2):297-320.
doi: 10.1007/s11517-021-02435-6. Epub 2021 Sep 29.

Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in magnetic resonance environment: an update on regulation, exposure assessment techniques, health risk evaluation, and surveillance

Valentina Hartwig  1 , Giorgio Virgili  2 , F Ederica Mattei  3 , Cristiano Biagini  4 , Stefania Romeo  5 , Olga Zeni  5 , Maria Rosaria Scarfì  5 , Rita Massa  5   6 , Francesco Campanella  7 , Luigi Landini  8 , Fabriziomaria Gobba  9 , Alberto Modenese  9 , Giulio Giovannetti  10
Affiliations
Review

Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in magnetic resonance environment: an update on regulation, exposure assessment techniques, health risk evaluation, and surveillance

Valentina Hartwig et al. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2022 Feb.

Erratum in

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most-used diagnostic imaging methods worldwide. There are ∼50,000 MRI scanners worldwide each of which involves a minimum of five workers from different disciplines who spend their working days around MRI scanners. This review analyzes the state of the art of literature about the several aspects of the occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) in MRI: regulations, literature studies on biological effects, and health surveillance are addressed here in detail, along with a summary of the main approaches for exposure assessment. The original research papers published from 2013 to 2021 in international peer-reviewed journals, in the English language, are analyzed, together with documents published by legislative bodies. The key points for each topic are identified and described together with useful tips for precise safeguarding of MRI operators, in terms of exposure assessment, studies on biological effects, and health surveillance.

Keywords: Electromagnetic fields; Exposure assessment; Health surveillance; MRI; Magnetic resonance; Occupational exposure; Regulations and guidelines.

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