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Review
. 2021 Dec;129(12):675-693.
doi: 10.1111/apm.13178. Epub 2021 Oct 18.

Zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmission of viruses between humans and pigs

Helena Aagaard Glud  1 , Sophie George  2 , Kerstin Skovgaard  1 , Lars Erik Larsen  2
Affiliations
Review

Zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmission of viruses between humans and pigs

Helena Aagaard Glud et al. APMIS. 2021 Dec.

Abstract

Humans and pigs share a close contact relationship, similar biological traits, and one of the highest estimated number of viruses compared to other mammalian species. The contribution and directionality of viral exchange between humans and pigs remain unclear for some of these viruses, but their transmission routes are important to characterize in order to prevent outbreaks of disease in both host species. This review collects and assesses the evidence to determine the likely transmission route of 27 viruses between humans and pigs.

Keywords: Zoonosis; human; pig; reverse zoonosis; viruses.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Transmission routes for seven zoonotic viruses. Solid arrows indicate transmission route, while dashed arrows indicate potential transmission route. The figure was created with BioRender.com.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Transmission routes for three reverse zoonotic and seven bidirectionally transmitted viruses. Solid arrows indicate transmission route, while dashed arrows indicate potential transmission route. The figure was created with BioRender.com.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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