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. 2021 Oct;28(10):5860-5864.
doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.040. Epub 2021 Jun 18.

Protective effects of vitexin on cadmium-induced renal toxicity in rats

Muhammad Umar Ijaz  1 , Moazama Batool  2 , Afsheen Batool  3 , K A Al-Ghanimd  4 , Sara Zafar  5 , Asma Ashraf  6 , F Al-Misned  4 , Z Ahmed  4 , Sabahat Shahzadi  1 , Abdul Samad  1 , Usman Atique  7 , N Al-Mulhm  4 , S Mahboob  1
Affiliations

Protective effects of vitexin on cadmium-induced renal toxicity in rats

Muhammad Umar Ijaz et al. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Oct.

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is an industrial contaminant that poses severe threats to human and animal health. Vitexin (VIT) is a polyphenolic flavonoid of characteristic pharmacological properties. We explored the curative role of vitexin on Cd-induced mitochondrial-dysfunction in rat renal tissues. Twenty-four rats were equally divided into four groups and designated as control, Cd, Cd + vitexin and vitexin treated groups. The results showed that Cd exposure increased urea and creatinine levels while decreased creatinine clearance. Cd reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione content in the Cd exposed group. Cd exposure significantly (p < 0.05) elevated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in rat kidney. Cd also caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the mitochondrial TCA-cycle enzymes, including isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and malate-dehydrogenase activities. Besides, mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes, including NADH-dehydrogenase, coenzyme Q-cytochrome reductase, succinic-coenzyme Q, and cytochrome c-oxidase activities were also decreased under Cd exposure. Cd exposure also damaged the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). However, VIT treatment potentially reduced the detrimental effects of Cd in the kidney of rats. In conclusion, our study indicated that the VIT could attenuate the Cd-induced renal toxicity in rats.

Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Cadmium; Industrial contaminant; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Vitexin.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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