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. 2021 Dec;94(1128):20210472.
doi: 10.1259/bjr.20210472. Epub 2021 Oct 5.

A retrospective review of MRI features associated with metastasis-free survival in women with breast cancer: focusing on skin thickening and skin enhancement

Valentine Mberu  1 , Jennifer McFarlane  2 , E Jane Macaskill  3 , Andrew Evans  1
Affiliations

A retrospective review of MRI features associated with metastasis-free survival in women with breast cancer: focusing on skin thickening and skin enhancement

Valentine Mberu et al. Br J Radiol. 2021 Dec.

Abstract

Objectives: To identify associations between MRI-detected skin thickening and enhancement and metastasis-free survival (MFS) given recent reports of skin thickening on ultrasound being a poorer prognostic indicator.

Methods: Interrogation of a prospectively collected database of ultrasound-visible breast lesions showed 214 lesions with pre-treatment MRIs available for analysis in a single centre. Data on MFS was prospectively collected. Retrospective MRI review was performed blinded to outcome. Imaging factors recorded were presence of skin thickening and enhancement, non-mass-enhancement (NME) and abnormal nodes, mass characteristics, perilesional oedema and background parenchymal enhancement. Statistical analysis used chi-squared test, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, the Log-rank test and receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results: During a median follow-up period of 5.6 years, 21 (10%) of 212 patients developed distant metastases. Skin thickening [24 of 30 (80%) vs 169 of 184 (92%), p = 0.043] and skin enhancement [15 of 20 (75%) vs 178 of 194 (92%), p = 0.016] were associated with poorer MFS. Large index lesion size [p < 0.001, AUC 0.823], large sum of masses [p < 0.001, AUC 0.813], increasing total lesion extent including NME [p < 0.001, AUC 0.749] and abnormal axillary nodes [55 of 66 (83%) vs 138 of 148 (93%), p = 0.024] were also associated with poorer MFS.

Conclusions: Skin thickening and enhancement on breast MRI are associated with poorer MFS. These findings should be taken into account when managing patients with invasive breast cancer.

Advances in knowledge: Skin enhancement on breast MRI at diagnosis is associated with metastases development. Skin thickening on breast MRI is associated with future metastatic disease.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Early post-contrast T1-weighted image showing marked skin thickening and skin enhancement in the left breast illustrated by thick arrows. Normal skin is shown on the contralateral breast illustrated by thin arrows.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Kaplan-Meier survival curve showing metastases-free survival (MFS) according to abnormal axillary nodes on MRI at diagnosis.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Kaplan-Meier curve showing MFS according to presence of skin enhancement on MRI.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Kaplan-Meier curve showing MFS according to the presence of skin thickening on MRI.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Graph illustrating ROC analysis for index lesion size.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Graph illustrating ROC analysis for sum of all masses.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Graph illustrating ROC analysis for total lesion extent.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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