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Review
. 2021 Sep 14:9:726261.
doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.726261. eCollection 2021.

Lipid Droplet-Organelle Contact Sites as Hubs for Fatty Acid Metabolism, Trafficking, and Metabolic Channeling

Mike F Renne  1 , Hanaa Hariri  2
Affiliations
Review

Lipid Droplet-Organelle Contact Sites as Hubs for Fatty Acid Metabolism, Trafficking, and Metabolic Channeling

Mike F Renne et al. Front Cell Dev Biol. .

Abstract

Cells prepare for fluctuations in nutrient availability by storing energy in the form of neutral lipids in organelles called Lipid Droplets (LDs). Upon starvation, fatty acids (FAs) released from LDs are trafficked to different cellular compartments to be utilized for membrane biogenesis or as a source of energy. Despite the biochemical pathways being known in detail, the spatio-temporal regulation of FA synthesis, storage, release, and breakdown is not completely understood. Recent studies suggest that FA trafficking and metabolism are facilitated by inter-organelle contact sites that form between LDs and other cellular compartments such as the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), mitochondria, peroxisomes, and lysosomes. LD-LD contact sites are also sites where FAs are transferred in a directional manner to support LD growth and expansion. As the storage site of neutral lipids, LDs play a central role in FA homeostasis. In this mini review, we highlight the role of LD contact sites with other organelles in FA trafficking, channeling, and metabolism and discuss the implications for these pathways on cellular lipid and energy homeostasis.

Keywords: contact sites; fatty acids; lipid droplets; metabolism; organelles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Overview of FA metabolic steps taking place at LD contact sites. LDs form contact sites with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria (Mito), peroxisomes (Pex), and lysosome/vacuole (Lyso/Vac). Boxes show examples of FA metabolic processes taking place at these contact sites. Arrows indicate enzymatic conversions; dashed arrows indicate trafficking/transport steps.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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