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. 2021 Nov;12(11):2921-2938.
doi: 10.1007/s13300-021-01152-5. Epub 2021 Sep 30.

Nationwide Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes and Associated Risk Factors Among Iranian Adults: Analysis of Data from PERSIAN Cohort Study

Mohammad E Khamseh #  1 , Sadaf G Sepanlou #  2 , Nahid Hashemi-Madani  1 , Farahnaz Joukar  3 , Amir Houshang Mehrparvar  4 , Elnaz Faramarzi  5 , Hassan Okati-Aliabad  6 , Zahra Rahimi  7 , Abbas Rezaianzadeh  8 , Reza Homayounfar  9 , Farhad Moradpour  10 , Neda Valizadeh  11 , Masoumeh Kheirandish  12 , Ehsan Zaboli  13 , Alireza Moslem  14 , Ali Ahmadi  15   16 , Behrooz Hamzeh  17 , Javad Harooni  18 , Farhad Pourfarzi  19 , Mohammad Reza Abolghasemi  20 , Ali Reza Safarpour  21 , Nayyereh Aminisani  22 , Zahra Mohammadi  23 , Sareh Eghtesad  23 , Hossein Poustchi  24 , Reza Malekzadeh  25
Affiliations

Nationwide Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes and Associated Risk Factors Among Iranian Adults: Analysis of Data from PERSIAN Cohort Study

Mohammad E Khamseh et al. Diabetes Ther. 2021 Nov.

Abstract

Introduction: Over the past decades prevalence of diabetes has increased in Iran and other countries. This study aimed to update the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in Iran and to determine associated sociodemographic risk factors, as well as diabetes awareness and control.

Methods: This is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey that included 163,770 Iranian adults aged 35-70 years, from different ethnic backgrounds, between 2014 and 2020. Diabetes was diagnosed at fasting blood sugar of ≥ 6.99 mmol/L (126 mg/dL), or receiving blood glucose-lowering treatment. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to detect determinants associated with prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes, as well as predictors of diabetes awareness and glycemic control.

Results: Sex- and age-standardized prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes was 15.0% (95% CI 12.6-17.3) and 25.4% (18.6-32.1), respectively. Among patients with diabetes, 79.6% (76.2-82.9) were aware of their diabetes. Glycemic control was achieved in 41.2% (37.5-44.8) of patients who received treatment. Older age, obesity, high waist to hip ratio (WHR), and specific ethnic background were associated with a significant risk of diabetes and prediabetes. Higher awareness of diabetes was observed in older patients, married individuals, those with high WHR, and individuals with high wealth score. Moreover, glycemic control was significantly better in women, obese individuals, those with high physical activity, educational attainment, and specific ethnic background.

Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes is increasing at an alarming rate in Iranian adults. High proportion of uncontrolled patients require particular initiatives to be integrated in the health care system.

Keywords: Awareness; Diabetes; Education; Ethnic background; Glycemic control; Household wealth.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Weighted prevalence of prediabetes among Iranian adults aged 35–70 years by sex and age
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Weighted prevalence of diabetes among Iranian adults aged 35–70 years by sex and age
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes across the study centers (Iran map)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among different ethnic groups
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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