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Presented are the sympathetic renal pathway (broken line with solid arrowhead to the…
Figure 1.
Presented are the sympathetic renal pathway (broken line with solid arrowhead to the kidney icon) and the direction of antidromic depolarization of afferent renal nerve fibers (enlarged open arrow heads on solid line) toward the kidney. Sympathetic fibers will aggravate renal inflammation via catecholamines whereas antidromic depolarization will induce enhanced retrograde release of the proinflammatory neuropeptides substance P (SP) and CGRP intrarenally and in the pelvis. The renal pelvis (B) is more densely innervated than the kidney itself (A). These proinflammatory mechanisms could be ameliorated by renal denervation (X). Beneficial effects of denervation on renal inflammation may be reduced by renal hyperfiltration or immunologic mechanisms independent of neurogenic influences (in nephritis and hypertension). Influence of afferent renal nerve activity (solid line with arrowhead to central nervous system icon) on sympathetic outflow (C) must be discussed separately. For details see text.
Böhner AMC, Jacob AM, Heuser C, Stumpf NE, Effland A, Abdullah Z, Meyer-Schwesiger C, von Vietinghoff S, Kurts C.Böhner AMC, et al.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021 Oct;32(10):2445-2453. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2021010110. Epub 2021 Jun 18.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021.PMID: 34599036Free PMC article.
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