Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Nov;37(4):509-522.
doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2021.05.001. Epub 2021 May 27.

Coronavirus Disease 2019

Sophie Lin  1 , Rachael Kantor  2 , Elizabeth Clark  3
Affiliations
Review

Coronavirus Disease 2019

Sophie Lin et al. Clin Geriatr Med. 2021 Nov.

Abstract

In this article, the authors review manifestations of COVID-19 in older adults, normal physiologic changes and frequent comorbidities of aging that increase pathogenicity, factors contributing to overwhelming viral spread among seniors, negative effects on health and well-being resulting from measures to control the virus, and health-system improvements necessary to protect and care for this vulnerable population.

Keywords: Ageism; COVID-19; Comorbidities; Elderly; Nursing homes; Racism; Telemedicine.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Radiological Identification. (A) [1] CXR at admission, and [2] at 36 hours, shows progression of pulmonary findings. (B) CT scan demonstrates mild-moderate ground-glass opacities favoring the periphery.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Effects of COVID-19 on Minority and Different Age Groups. Numbers above the horizontal axis represent raw data as of 11/30/20. Ex. (A) 1.8 times more cases of COVID-19 in American Indian/Alaskan Natives than White counterparts. (B) 0- to 4-year-olds are 4 times less likely to be hospitalized than 18- to 29-year-old counterparts.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Gebhard C., Regitz-Zagrosek V., Neuhauser H.K., et al. Impact of sex and gender on COVID-19 outcomes in Europe. Biol Sex Differences. 2020;11(1):29. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Neumann-Podczaska A., Al-Saad S.R., Karbowski L.M., et al. Covid 19 - clinical picture in the elderly population: a qualitative systematic review. Aging Dis. 2020;11(4):988–1008. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zheng Z., Peng F., Xu B., et al. Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;81(2):e16–e25. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Baj J., Karakuła-Juchnowicz H., Teresiński G., et al. COVID-19: specific and non-specific clinical manifestations and symptoms: the current state of knowledge. J Clin Med. 2020;9(6):1753. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lauretani F., Ravazzoni G., Roberti M.F., et al. Assessment and treatment of older individuals with COVID 19 multi-system disease: clinical and ethical implications. Acta Biomed. 2020;91(2):150–168. - PMC - PubMed