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. 2021 Sep 16:15:731596.
doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.731596. eCollection 2021.

Altered Variability and Concordance of Dynamic Resting-State fMRI Indices in Patients With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Feiling Lou  1 , Jiejie Tao  1 , Ronghui Zhou  1 , Shuangli Chen  1 , Andan Qian  1 , Chuang Yang  2 , Xiangwu Zheng  1 , Bicheng Chen  3 , Zhishan Hu  4 , Meihao Wang  1
Affiliations

Altered Variability and Concordance of Dynamic Resting-State fMRI Indices in Patients With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Feiling Lou et al. Front Neurosci. .

Abstract

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a commonly diagnosed neuropsychiatric disorder in children, which is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI), the alterations of static and dynamic characteristics of intrinsic brain activity have been identified in patients with ADHD. Yet, it remains unclear whether the concordance among indices of dynamic R-fMRI is altered in ADHD. Methods: R-fMRI scans obtained from 50 patients with ADHD and 28 healthy controls (HC) were used for the current study. We calculated the regional dynamic changes in brain activity indices using the sliding-window method and compared the differences in variability of these indices between ADHD patients and HCs. Further, the concordance among these dynamic indices was calculated and compared. Finally, the relationship between variability/concordance of these indices and ADHD-relevant clinical test scores was investigated. Results: Patients with ADHD showed decreased variability of dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) in the left middle frontal gyrus and increased one in right middle occipital gyrus, as compared with the HCs. Besides, ADHD patients showed decreased voxel-wise concordance in the left middle frontal gyrus. Further, lower voxel-wise concordance in ADHD's left middle frontal gyrus was associated with more non-perseverative errors in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, which reflects worse cognitive control. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that variability and concordance in dynamic brain activity may serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of ADHD. Further, the decreased voxel-wise concordance is associated with deficit in cognitive control in ADHD patients.

Keywords: ADHD; concordance; resting-state fMRI; temporal dynamics; variability.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Brain regions showing different dALFF variability between the ADHD and HCs.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Brain region showing different voxel-wise concordance between the ADHD and HCs.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Scatter plot of the voxel-wise concordance in the left middle frontal and the non-perseverative errors in WCST of patients with ADHD. (Pearson partial correlation scatter diagram, controlling for effects of head motion, age, IQ, and gender).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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