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Review
. 2021;13(3):64-78.
doi: 10.17691/stm2021.13.3.08. Epub 2021 Jun 28.

Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1): a Multifunctional Glycoprotein and Biological Marker (Review)

Т А Karmakova  1 , N S Sergeeva  2 , К Yu Kanukoev  3 , B Ya Alekseev  4 , А D Kaprin  5
Affiliations
Review

Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1): a Multifunctional Glycoprotein and Biological Marker (Review)

Т А Karmakova et al. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med. 2021.

Abstract

KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule 1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein also known as HAVcr-1 and TIM-1 belongs to the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain family (TIM) of proteins. TIM glycoproteins are presented on the immune cells and participate in the regulation of immune reactions. KIM-1 differs from other members of its family in that it is expressed not only by immunocompetent cells but epithelial cells as well. Cellular and humoral effects mediated by KIM-1 are involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Current understanding of the mechanisms determining the participation of KIM-1 in viral invasion, the immune response regulation, adaptive reactions of the kidney epithelium to acute ischemic or toxic injury, in progression of chronic renal diseases, and kidney cancer development have been presented in this review. Data of clinical researches demonstrating the association of KIM-1 with viral diseases and immune disorders have also been analyzed. Potential application of KIM-1 as urinary or serological marker in renal and cardiovascular diseases has been considered.

Keywords: HAVcr-1; KIM-1; TIM-1; acute kidney injury; chronic renal failure; heart failure; regulation of immune reactions; renal cell carcinoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

None
Schematic structure of the TIM family glycoproteins (based on the materials of Kuchroo et al. [8])
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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