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. 2022 Mar 1;18(3):713-720.
doi: 10.5664/jcsm.9702.

Self-reported symptoms and objective measures in idiopathic hypersomnia and hypersomnia associated with psychiatric disorders: a prospective cross-sectional study

Jitka Bušková  1   2 , Tomáš Novák  1   2 , Eva Miletínová  1   2 , Radana Králová  1 , Jana Košt Álová  1 , Monika Kliková  1   2 , Karolina Veldová  1   2
Affiliations

Self-reported symptoms and objective measures in idiopathic hypersomnia and hypersomnia associated with psychiatric disorders: a prospective cross-sectional study

Jitka Bušková et al. J Clin Sleep Med. .

Abstract

Study objectives: In some patients, it is difficult to correctly nosologically classify daytime sleepiness. Clinical manifestations may be nonspecific; on the basis of objective measures it is possible to determine the current severity of sleepiness, but they do not always allow accurate diagnosis. It is especially difficult to distinguish between idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) and hypersomnia associated with a psychiatric disorder (PSY).

Methods: To find significant differences between the IH and PSY groups, we included 67 patients (IH, n = 15; PSY, n = 52) in the study, focusing on differences in self-reported symptoms, evaluating current depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory-II score and personality traits measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory. All of the patients underwent polysomnography, the Multiple Sleep Latency Test, and ad libitum sleep monitoring.

Results: The patients with IH showed greater difficulty than those in the PSY group with waking up in the morning (P < .001) and complained of memory (P = .04) and attention deficit (P = .006). They also showed higher total sleep time (P < .001) and sleep efficiency (P = .007) and a shorter mean sleep latency on the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (P < .001). Nevertheless, the IH and PSY groups did not differ in Beck Depression Inventory scores or personality characteristics.

Conclusions: IH is a syndrome in which depression/external life stressors and personality characteristics also play a role. Patients with IH may benefit from the cooperation of sleep specialists with psychotherapists/psychiatrists.

Citation: Bušková J, Novák T, Miletínová E, et al. Self-reported symptoms and objective measures in idiopathic hypersomnia and hypersomnia associated with psychiatric disorders: a prospective cross-sectional study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(3):713-720.

Keywords: depressivity; hypersomnia associated with psychiatric disorder; idiopathic hypersomnia; personality traits.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors have read and approved the manuscript. Work for this study was performed at the National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic. This study was supported by Charles University under the grant Progress Q35 and 260533/SVV/2020 and grant number NU20-04-00088 of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic. The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Comparison of IH and PSY groups according to z scores in the TCI.
Error bars indicate a standard error of the mean. CO = cooperativeness, HA = harm avoidance, IH = idiopathic hypersomnia, NS = novelty-seeking, PS = persistence, PSY = hypersomnia associated with psychiatric disorder, RD = reward dependence, SD = self-directedness, ST = self-transcendence.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Comparison of IH and PSY groups according to TST (minutes) and MSL (minutes).
Mean and standard deviations are indicated. IH = idiopathic hypersomnia, MSL = mean sleep latency, PSY = hypersomnia associated with psychiatric disorder, TST = total sleep time.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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