Physical and mental health impact of COVID-19 on children, adolescents, and their families: The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times - Children and Adolescents (COH-FIT-C&A)

Marco Solmi¹, Andrés Estradé², Trevor Thompson³, Agorastos Agorastos⁴, Joaquim Radua⁵, Samuele Cortese⁶, Elena Dragioti⁷, Friedrich Leisch⁸, Davy Vancampfort⁹, Lau Caspar Thygesen¹⁰, Harald Aschauer¹¹, Monika Schloegelhofer¹², Elena Akimova¹³, Andres Schneeberger¹⁴, Christian G Huber¹⁵, Gregor Hasler¹⁶, Philippe Conus¹⁷, Kim Q Do Cuénod¹⁸, Roland von Känel¹⁹, Gonzalo Arrondo²⁰, Paolo Fusar-Poli²¹, Philip Gorwood²², Pierre-Michel Llorca²³, Marie-Odile Krebs²⁴, Elisabetta Scanferla²⁵, Taishiro Kishimoto²⁶, Golam Rabbani²⁷, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka²⁸, Paolo Brambilla²⁹, Angela Favaro³⁰, Akihiro Takamiya³¹, Leonardo Zoccante³², Marco Colizzi³³, Julie Bourgin³⁴, Karol Kamiński³⁵, Maryam Moghadasin³⁶, Soraya Seedat³⁷, Evan Matthews³⁸, John Wells³⁹, Emilia Vassilopoulou⁴⁰, Ary Gadelha⁴¹, Kuan-Pin Su⁴², Jun Soo Kwon⁴³, Minah Kim⁴⁴, Tae Young Lee⁴⁵, Oleg Papsuev⁴⁶, Denisa Manková⁴⁷, Andrea Boscutti⁴⁸, Cristiano Gerunda⁴⁹, Diego Saccon⁵⁰, Elena Righi⁵¹, Francesco Monaco⁵², Giovanni Croatto⁵³, Guido Cereda⁵⁴, Jacopo Demurtas⁵⁵, Natascia Brondino⁵⁶, Nicola Veronese⁵⁷, Paolo Enrico⁵⁸, Pierluigi Politi⁵⁹, Valentina Ciappolino⁶⁰, Andrea Pfennig⁶¹, Andreas Bechdolf⁶², Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg⁶³, Kai G Kahl⁶⁴, Katharina Domschke⁶⁵, Michael Bauer⁶⁶, Nikolaos Koutsouleris⁶⁷, Sibylle Winter⁶⁸, Stefan Borgwardt⁶⁹, Istvan Bitter⁷⁰, Judit Balazs⁷¹, Pal Czobor⁷², Zsolt Unoka⁷³, Dimitris Mavridis⁷⁴, Konstantinos Tsamakis⁷⁵, Vasilios P Bozikas⁷⁶, Chavit Tunvirachaisakul⁷⁷, Michael Maes⁷⁸, Teerayuth Rungnirundorn⁷⁹, Thitiporn Supasitthumrong⁸⁰, Ariful Haque⁸¹, Andre R Brunoni⁸², Carlos Gustavo Costardi⁸³, Felipe Barreto Schuch⁸⁴, Guilherme Polanczyk⁸⁵, Jhoanne Merlyn Luiz⁸⁶, Lais Fonseca⁸⁷, Luana V Aparicio⁸⁸, Samira S Valvassori⁸⁹, Merete Nordentoft⁹⁰, Per Vendsborg⁹¹, Sofie Have Hoffmann⁹², Jihed Sehli⁹³, Norman Sartorius⁹⁴, Sabina Heuss⁹⁵, Daniel Guinart⁹⁶, Jane Hamilton⁹⁷, John Kane⁹⁸, Jose Rubio⁹⁹, Michael Sand¹⁰⁰, Ai Koyanagi¹⁰¹, Aleix Solanes¹⁰², Alvaro Andreu-Bernabeu¹⁰³, Antonia San José Cáceres¹⁰⁴, Celso Arango¹⁰⁵, Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja¹⁰⁶, Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei¹⁰⁷, Eduard Vieta¹⁰⁸, Javier Gonzalez-Peñas¹⁰⁹, Lydia Fortea¹¹⁰, Mara Parellada¹¹¹, Miquel A Fullana¹¹², Norma Verdolini¹¹³, Eva Fárková¹¹⁴, Karolina Janků¹¹⁵, Mark Millan¹¹⁶, Mihaela Honciuc¹¹⁷, Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska¹¹⁸, Igor Łoniewski¹¹⁹, Jerzy Samochowiec¹²⁰, Łukasz Kiszkiel¹²¹, Maria Marlicz¹²², Paweł Sowa¹²³, Wojciech Marlicz¹²⁴, Georgina Spies¹²⁵, Brendon Stubbs¹²⁶, Joseph Firth¹²⁷, Sarah Sullivan¹²⁸, Asli Enez Darcin¹²⁹, Hatice Aksu¹³⁰, Nesrin Dilbaz¹³¹, Onur Noyan¹³², Momoko Kitazawa¹³³, Shunya Kurokawa¹³⁴, Yuki Tazawa¹³⁵, Alejandro Anselmi¹³⁶, Cecilia Cracco¹³⁷, Ana Inés Machado¹³⁸, Natalia Estrade¹³⁹, Diego De Leo¹⁴⁰, Jackie Curtis¹⁴¹, Michael Berk¹⁴², Philip Ward¹⁴³, Scott Teasdale¹⁴⁴, Simon Rosenbaum¹⁴⁵, Wolfgang Marx¹⁴⁶, Adrian Vasile Horodnic¹⁴⁷, Liviu Oprea¹⁴⁸, Ovidiu Alexinschi¹⁴⁹, Petru Ifteni¹⁵⁰, Serban Turliuc¹⁵¹, Tudor Ciuhodaru¹⁵², Alexandra Bolos¹⁵³, Valentin Matei¹⁵⁴, Dorien H Nieman¹⁵⁵, Iris Sommer¹⁵⁶, Jim van Os¹⁵⁷, Therese van Amelsvoort¹⁵⁸, Ching-Fang Sun¹⁵⁹, Ta-Wei Guu¹⁶⁰, Can Jiao¹⁶¹, Jieting Zhang¹⁶², Jialin Fan¹⁶³, Liye Zou¹⁶⁴, Xin Yu¹⁶⁵, Xinli Chi¹⁶⁶, Philippe de Timary¹⁶⁷, Ruud van Winke¹⁶⁸, Bernardo Ng¹⁶⁹, Edilberto Pena¹⁷⁰, Ramon Arellano¹⁷¹, Raquel Roman¹⁷², Thelma Sanchez¹⁷³, Larisa Movina¹⁷⁴, Pedro Morgado¹⁷⁵, Sofia Brissos¹⁷⁶, Oleg Aizberg¹⁷⁷, Anna Mosina¹⁷⁸, Damir Krinitski¹⁷⁹, James Mugisha¹⁸⁰, Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani¹⁸¹, Masoud Sadeghi¹⁸², Samira Hadi¹⁸³, Serge Brand¹⁸⁴, Antonia Errazuriz¹⁸⁵, Nicolas Crossley¹⁸⁶, Dragana Ignjatovic Ristic¹⁸⁷, Carlos López-Jaramillo¹⁸⁸, Dimitris Efthymiou¹⁸⁹, Praveenlal Kuttichira¹⁹⁰, Roy Abraham Kallivayalil¹⁹¹, Afzal Javed¹⁹², Muhammad Iqbal Afridi¹⁹³, Bawo James¹⁹⁴, Omonefe Joy Seb-Akahomen¹⁹⁵, Jess Fiedorowicz¹⁹⁶, Andre F Carvalho¹⁹⁷, Jeff Daskalakis¹⁹⁸, Lakshmi N Yatham¹⁹⁹, Lin Yang²⁰⁰, Tarek Okasha²⁰¹, Aïcha Dahdouh²⁰², Björn Gerdle²⁰³, Jari Tiihonen²⁰⁴, Jae Il Shin²⁰⁵, Jinhee Lee²⁰⁶, Ahmed Mhalla²⁰⁷, Lotfi Gaha²⁰⁸, Takoua Brahim²⁰⁹, Kuanysh Altynbekov²¹⁰, Nikolay Negay²¹¹, Saltanat Nurmagambetova²¹², Yasser Abu Jamei²¹³, Mark Weiser²¹⁴, Christoph U Correll²¹⁵

Affiliations

¹ University of Ottawa, Department of Psychiatry, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Ontario; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology& Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom. Electronic address: marco.solmi83@gmail.com.
² Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology& Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: andres.estrade_vaz@kcl.ac.uk.
³ University of Greenwich, School of Human Sciences, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: T.Thompson@greenwich.ac.uk.
⁴ Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, II. Dept. of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Greece. Electronic address: aagorast@auth.gr.
⁵ Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology& Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: radua@clinic.cat.
⁶ University of Southampton, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Southampton, United Kingdom. Electronic address: samuele.cortese@soton.ac.uk.
⁷ Linköping University, Pain and Rehabilitation Centre and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping, Sweden; University of Ioannina, Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families & Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Ioannina, Greece. Electronic address: elena.dragioti@liu.se.
⁸ University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Wien, Austria. Electronic address: Friedrich.Leisch@boku.ac.at.
⁹ Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: davy.vancampfort@kuleuven.be.
¹⁰ National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark. Electronic address: lct@sdu.dk.
¹¹ BioPsyC - Biopsychosocial Corporation, Non-profit association for Research Funding Ltd., Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: harald.aschauer@biopsyc.at.
¹² BioPsyC - Biopsychosocial Corporation, Non-profit association for Research Funding Ltd., Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: monika.schloegelhofer@biopsyc.at.
¹³ BioPsyC - Biopsychosocial Corporation, Non-profit association for Research Funding Ltd., Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: elena.akimova@biopsyc.at.
¹⁴ Psychiatric Services Grisons, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Switzerland. Electronic address: andres.schneeberger@pdgr.ch.
¹⁵ University of Basel, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: christian.huber@unibas.ch.
¹⁶ University of Fribourg, Fribourg Network of Mental Health (RFSM), Fribourg, Switzerland. Electronic address: gregor.hasler@unifr.ch.
¹⁷ University of Lausanne, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: philippe.conus@chuv.ch.
¹⁸ University of Lausanne, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: Kim.Do@chuv.ch.
¹⁹ University Hospital Zurich, Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, Switzerland. Electronic address: roland.vonkaenel@usz.ch.
²⁰ University of Southampton, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Southampton, United Kingdom; University of Navarra, Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society (ICS), Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: garrondo@unav.es.
²¹ Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology& Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; OASIS service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.fusar-poli@unipv.it.
²² Université de Paris, CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France; Institute de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France. Electronic address: p.gorwood@ghu-paris.fr.
²³ Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: pmllorca@chu-clermontferrand.fr.
²⁴ Institute de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France; Université de Paris, PEPIT, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Paris, France. Electronic address: MO.KREBS@ghu-paris.fr.
²⁵ Université de Paris, CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France. Electronic address: e.scanferla@ghu-paris.fr.
²⁶ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: tkishimoto@keio.jp.
²⁷ The National Foundation of Mental Health of Bangladesh, Bangladesh. Electronic address: rabbanigolam33@gmail.com.
²⁸ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: karzyd@pum.edu.pl.
²⁹ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.brambilla1@unimi.it.
³⁰ University of Padua, Neurosciences Department, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: angela.favaro@unipd.it.
³¹ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: akihiro.takamiya@keio.jp.
³² Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: leonardo.zoccante@aovr.veneto.it.
³³ University of Verona, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: marco.colizzi@univr.it.
³⁴ Service de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, GHNE, 91440 Bures Sur Yvette, France. Electronic address: j.bourgin@gh-nord-essonne.fr.
³⁵ Medical University of Białystok, Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address: fizklin@gmail.com.
³⁶ Kharazmi University, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: mmoghadasin@yahoo.com.
³⁷ Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa. Electronic address: sseedat@sun.ac.za.
³⁸ Waterford Institute of Technology, School of Health Sciences, Waterford, Ireland. Electronic address: ematthews@wit.ie.
³⁹ Waterford Institute of Technology, School of Health Sciences, Waterford, Ireland. Electronic address: jswells@wit.ie.
⁴⁰ University of Nicosia, Department of Life and Health Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus. Electronic address: vassilopoulouemilia@gmail.com.
⁴¹ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: aryararipe@gmail.com.
⁴² An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Department of Psychiatry, Tainan, Taiwan; Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: cobolsu@gmail.com.
⁴³ Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kwonjs@snu.ac.kr.
⁴⁴ Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: verte82@snu.ac.kr.
⁴⁵ Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Yangsan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: leetaey@gmail.com.
⁴⁶ Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: oleg.papsouev@gmail.com.
⁴⁷ National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic. Electronic address: denisa.mankova@nudz.cz.
⁴⁸ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: a.boscutti@gmail.com.
⁴⁹ University of Padua, Neurosciences Department, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: cristiano.gerunda@unipd.it.
⁵⁰ AULSS4 Veneto Orientale, Addictions Department, Italy. Electronic address: diego.saccon@aulss4.veneto.it.
⁵¹ University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: elena.righi@unimore.it.
⁵² ASL Salerno, Department of Mental Health, Salerno, Italy. Electronic address: fmonaco1980@gmail.com.
⁵³ University of Padova, Padova, Italy. Electronic address: giovannicroatto8@gmail.com.
⁵⁴ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: guido.cereda@unimi.it.
⁵⁵ University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: eritrox7@gmail.com.
⁵⁶ University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: natascia.brondino@unipv.it.
⁵⁷ University of Palermo, Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Section, Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: nicola.veronese@unipa.it.
⁵⁸ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.enrico@unimi.it.
⁵⁹ University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: pierluigi.politi@unipv.it.
⁶⁰ Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: valentina.ciappolino@policlinico.mi.it.
⁶¹ Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: Andrea.Pfennig@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
⁶² University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: andreas.bechdolf@uk-koeln.de.
⁶³ Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany. Electronic address: Andreas.Meyer-Lindenberg@zi-mannheim.de.
⁶⁴ Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany. Electronic address: kahl.kai@mh-hannover.de.
⁶⁵ University of Freiburg, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: katharina.domschke@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
⁶⁶ Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: Michael.Bauer@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
⁶⁷ Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: Nikolaos.Koutsouleris@med.uni-muenchen.de.
⁶⁸ Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: sibylle.winter@charite.de.
⁶⁹ University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. Electronic address: s.borgwardt@unibas.ch.
⁷⁰ Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: bitter.istvan@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
⁷¹ Eotvos Lorand University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary; Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: balazs.judit@ppk.elte.hu.
⁷² Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: czobor.pal@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
⁷³ Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: unoka.zsolt@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
⁷⁴ University of Ioannina, Department of Primary Education, Ioannina, Greece. Electronic address: dmavridi@uoi.gr.
⁷⁵ King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ktsamakis@gmail.com.
⁷⁶ Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, II. Dept. of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Greece. Electronic address: mpozikas@auth.gr.
⁷⁷ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand. Electronic address: chavit.T@chula.ac.th.
⁷⁸ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand. Electronic address: dr.michaelmaes@hotmail.com.
⁷⁹ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand. Electronic address: drteerayuth@gmail.com.
⁸⁰ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand. Electronic address: thitiporn.s@chula.ac.th.
⁸¹ The National Foundation of Mental Health of Bangladesh, Bangladesh. Electronic address: arifulhaque.ukzn@gmail.com.
⁸² Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: brunoni@usp.br.
⁸³ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: gustavocostardi@hotmail.com.
⁸⁴ Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: felipe.schuch@ufsm.br.
⁸⁵ Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: polanczyk.guilherme@gmail.com.
⁸⁶ Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Criciúma, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: jhoanne_luiz@hotmail.com.
⁸⁷ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: laismfonseca@gmail.com.
⁸⁸ Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: luanavma@hotmail.com.
⁸⁹ Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Criciúma, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: samiravalvassori@unesc.net.
⁹⁰ University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: mn@dadlnet.dk.
⁹¹ Psykiatrifonden, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: pv@psykiatrifonden.dk.
⁹² National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark. Electronic address: sohh@sdu.dk.
⁹³ University of Fribourg, Fribourg Network of Mental Health (RFSM), Fribourg, Switzerland. Electronic address: jihed.sehli@gmail.com.
⁹⁴ Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes (AMH), Switzerland. Electronic address: sartorius@normansartorius.com.
⁹⁵ FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Switzerland. Electronic address: sabina.heuss@fhnw.ch.
⁹⁶ The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Departament de Psiquiatria, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: DGuinart@northwell.edu.
⁹⁷ University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, McGovern Medical School, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA. Electronic address: Jane.E.Hamilton@uth.tmc.edu.
⁹⁸ The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, New York, USA. Electronic address: JKane2@northwell.edu.
⁹⁹ The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, New York, USA. Electronic address: JRubio13@northwell.edu.
¹⁰⁰ Boehringer-Ingelheim, USA. Electronic address: michael.sand@boehringer-ingelheim.com.
¹⁰¹ Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Research and Development Unit, CIBERSAM, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: a.koyanagi@pssjd.org.
¹⁰² Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: al.solanes@gmail.com.
¹⁰³ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: a.andreu.bernabeu@gmail.com.
¹⁰⁴ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: antonia.sanjose@iisgm.com.
¹⁰⁵ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: carango@hggm.es.
¹⁰⁶ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: covadonga.martinez@iisgm.com.
¹⁰⁷ University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: dahidalg@clinic.cat.
¹⁰⁸ University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: evieta@clinic.cat.
¹⁰⁹ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: javipenhas@gmail.com.
¹¹⁰ Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: lydiafor94@gmail.com.
¹¹¹ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: parelladahggm@gmail.com.
¹¹² Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: mafullana@clinic.cat.
¹¹³ University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: norma.verdolini@gmail.com.
¹¹⁴ National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic. Electronic address: eva.farkova@nudz.cz.
¹¹⁵ National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic. Electronic address: karolina.janku@nudz.cz.
¹¹⁶ Institute de Recherché de Servier (IDRS), France. Electronic address: mark.millan@servier.com.
¹¹⁷ Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: rmhonciuc@chu-clermontferrand.fr.
¹¹⁸ Medical University of Białystok, Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Poland. Electronic address: annamoniuszko@op.pl.
¹¹⁹ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Szczecin, Poland; Sanprobi Sp. z o.o. Sp. k, Poland. Electronic address: sanprobi@sanprobi.pl.
¹²⁰ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Psychiatry, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: samoj@pum.edu.pl.
¹²¹ University of Białystok, Institute of Sociology, Society and Cognition Unit, Białystok, Poland. Electronic address: lukaszkiszkiel@gmail.com.
¹²² Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: mariamarlicz@gmail.com.
¹²³ Medical University of Białystok, Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address: mailtosowa@gmail.com.
¹²⁴ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Gastroenterology, Szczecin, Poland; The Centre for Digestive Diseases Endoklinika, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: marlicz@hotmail.com.
¹²⁵ Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa. Electronic address: ggiocos@sun.ac.za.
¹²⁶ King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: brendon.stubbs@kcl.ac.uk.
¹²⁷ University of Manchester, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester, United Kingdom. Electronic address: joseph.firth@manchester.ac.uk.
¹²⁸ University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Sarah.Sullivan@bristol.ac.uk.
¹²⁹ Istanbul Basaksehir Cam ve Sakura City Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: aslienez@gmail.com.
¹³⁰ Adnan Menderes University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aydın, Turkey. Electronic address: aksubhatice@yahoo.com.
¹³¹ Uskudar University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: nesrin.dilbaz@gmail.com.
¹³² Uskudar University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: conurnoyan@gmail.com.
¹³³ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: m-kitazawa@keio.jp.
¹³⁴ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: shunya5@keio.jp.
¹³⁵ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: tazawa@a5.keio.jp.
¹³⁶ Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: alejandro.anselmi@ucu.edu.uy.
¹³⁷ Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: ccracco@ucu.edu.uy.
¹³⁸ Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: amachado@ucu.edu.uy.
¹³⁹ Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: natalia.estrade@ucu.edu.uy.
¹⁴⁰ Griffith University, South East Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: D.DeLeo@griffith.edu.au.
¹⁴¹ Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: j.curtis@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁴² Deakin University School of Medicine, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: michael.berk@deakin.edu.au.
¹⁴³ UNSW Sydney, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: p.ward@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁴⁴ Deakin University School of Medicine, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: s.teasdale@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁴⁵ UNSW Sydney, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: s.rosenbaum@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁴⁶ Deakin University School of Medicine, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: wolf.marx@deakin.edu.au.
¹⁴⁷ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: adrian-vasile-horodnic@umfiasi.ro.
¹⁴⁸ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: liviu.oprea@umfiasi.ro.
¹⁴⁹ Institute of Psychiatry "Socola", Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: alexinschi@yahoo.com.
¹⁵⁰ Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Medicine, Brasov, Romania. Electronic address: petru_ifteni@yahoo.com.
¹⁵¹ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: serban_turliuc@yahoo.com.
¹⁵² Emergency Hospital "Nicolae Oblu", Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: tudorciuhodaru@yahoo.co.uk.
¹⁵³ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: alex_andra_bolos@yahoo.com.
¹⁵⁴ Psychiatry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia" Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania. Electronic address: valipmatei@yahoo.com.
¹⁵⁵ Academisch Medisch Centrum Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: d.h.nieman@amc.uva.nl.
¹⁵⁶ University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Groningen, The Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: i.e.c.sommer@umcg.nl.
¹⁵⁷ Utrecht University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.j.vanos-2@umcutrecht.nl.
¹⁵⁸ Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: t.vanamelsvoort@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
¹⁵⁹ China Medical University Hospital, Mind-Body Interface Research Center, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Carilion Clinic Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA. Electronic address: chingfangsun@gmail.com.
¹⁶⁰ China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan. Electronic address: da20vid@gmail.com.
¹⁶¹ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: jiaocan@szu.edu.cn.
¹⁶² Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: jenny121@126.com.
¹⁶³ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: FanJL@szu.edu.cn.
¹⁶⁴ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: liyezou123@gmail.com.
¹⁶⁵ Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Department of Public Mental Health, Pekin, China. Electronic address: yuxin@bjmu.edu.cn.
¹⁶⁶ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: xinlichi@126.com.
¹⁶⁷ UCLouvain, Institute of Neuroscience and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: Philippe.detimary@uclouvain.be.
¹⁶⁸ Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: ruud.vanwinkel@kuleuven.be.
¹⁶⁹ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: bng@sunvalleyb.com.
¹⁷⁰ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: epena@cisne.mx.
¹⁷¹ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: jramonarellanoc@hotmail.com.
¹⁷² Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: raquelrr@hotmail.com.
¹⁷³ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: marsan2@prodigy.net.mx.
¹⁷⁴ Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: movina_larisa@bk.ru.
¹⁷⁵ University of Minho, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga Guimarães, Portugal. Electronic address: pedromorgado@med.uminho.pt.
¹⁷⁶ Lisbon's Psychiatric Hospital Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Portugal. Electronic address: brissos.sofia@gmail.com.
¹⁷⁷ Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Belarus. Electronic address: oleg.aizberg@gmail.com.
¹⁷⁸ Clienia AG, Wetzikon Psychiatric Centre, Switzerland. Electronic address: annamosina.md@gmail.com.
¹⁷⁹ Integrated Psychiatry Winterthur (IPW), Switzerland. Electronic address: damir.krinitski@gmail.com.
¹⁸⁰ Kyambogo University, Department of Sociology and Social Administration, Kampala, Uganda. Electronic address: Jmmugi77@hotmail.com.
¹⁸¹ Stanford University, Department of Psychology, California, USA; Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: Bahmanid@stanford.edu.
¹⁸² Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic address: sadeghi_mbrc@yahoo.com.
¹⁸³ Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: hadi.samira@yahoo.com.
¹⁸⁴ Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: serge.brand@upk.ch.
¹⁸⁵ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: anerrazuriz@uc.cl.
¹⁸⁶ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: ncrossley@uc.cl.
¹⁸⁷ University of Kragujevac, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Serbia. Electronic address: draganaristic4@gmail.com.
¹⁸⁸ University of Antioquia, Department of Psychiatry, Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: carlos.lopez20@udea.edu.co.
¹⁸⁹ University of Nicosia, Department of Life and Health Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus. Electronic address: dimitrisefthy@gmail.com.
¹⁹⁰ Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, India. Electronic address: drpraveenlalkuttichira@gmail.com.
¹⁹¹ Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Deptartment of Psychiatry, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India. Electronic address: roykalli@gmail.com.
¹⁹² Chairman, Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre-Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan. Electronic address: afzalj@gmail.com.
¹⁹³ Dean, Faculty of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan; Dean, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan; Dean, Faculty of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: driqbalafridi@yahoo.com.
¹⁹⁴ Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Department of Clinical Services, Benin-City, Nigeria. Electronic address: bawojames@yahoo.com.
¹⁹⁵ Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Edo State, Nigeria. Electronic address: sebakahomen@gmail.com.
¹⁹⁶ University of Ottawa, Department of Psychiatry, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: jfiedorowicz@toh.ca.
¹⁹⁷ Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada. Electronic address: Andre.Carvalho@camh.ca.
¹⁹⁸ University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: Jeff.Daskalakis@camh.ca.
¹⁹⁹ University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Electronic address: l.yatham@ubc.ca.
²⁰⁰ University of Calgary, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada. Electronic address: lin.yang@ahs.ca.
²⁰¹ Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egyp. Electronic address: tarek.okasha@gmail.com.
²⁰² Oran 1 University, Department of Psychiatry-Addictology, Oran, Algeria. Electronic address: aichadahdouh@gmail.com.
²⁰³ Linköping University, Pain and Rehabilitation Centre and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: bjorn.gerdle@liu.se.
²⁰⁴ Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: jari.tiihonen@ki.se.
²⁰⁵ Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: SHINJI@yuhs.ac.
²⁰⁶ Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wonju, South Korea. Electronic address: jinh.lee95@yonsei.ac.kr.
²⁰⁷ University of Monastir, Research Unit "Vulnerability to Mental Disorders" LR05ES10, Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: ahmed.mhalla@yahoo.fr.
²⁰⁸ University of Monastir, Research Unit "Vulnerability to Mental Disorders" LR05ES10, Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: gaha.lotfi@yahoo.fr.
²⁰⁹ University of Monastir, University Hospital of Monastir, Department of Psychiatry, Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: takoua.brahim@yahoo.com.
²¹⁰ Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Kazakhstan. Electronic address: altyn@mail.ru.
²¹¹ Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Kazakhstan. Electronic address: nick_negaj@mail.ru.
²¹² Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Kazakhstan. Electronic address: saya_n@yahoo.com.
²¹³ Gaza Community Mental Health Programme, Palestine. Electronic address: yasser@gcmhp.net.
²¹⁴ Sheba Medical Center, Israel. Electronic address: mweiser@netvision.net.il.
²¹⁵ Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany; The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA. Electronic address: CCorrell@northwell.edu.

PMID: 34606810
PMCID: PMC8486586
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.090

Physical and mental health impact of COVID-19 on children, adolescents, and their families: The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times - Children and Adolescents (COH-FIT-C&A)

Marco Solmi et al. J Affect Disord. 2022.

. 2022 Feb 15:299:367-376.

doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.090. Epub 2021 Oct 2.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ University of Ottawa, Department of Psychiatry, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Ontario; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology& Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom. Electronic address: marco.solmi83@gmail.com.
² Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology& Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: andres.estrade_vaz@kcl.ac.uk.
³ University of Greenwich, School of Human Sciences, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: T.Thompson@greenwich.ac.uk.
⁴ Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, II. Dept. of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Greece. Electronic address: aagorast@auth.gr.
⁵ Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology& Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: radua@clinic.cat.
⁶ University of Southampton, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Southampton, United Kingdom. Electronic address: samuele.cortese@soton.ac.uk.
⁷ Linköping University, Pain and Rehabilitation Centre and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping, Sweden; University of Ioannina, Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families & Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Ioannina, Greece. Electronic address: elena.dragioti@liu.se.
⁸ University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Wien, Austria. Electronic address: Friedrich.Leisch@boku.ac.at.
⁹ Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: davy.vancampfort@kuleuven.be.
¹⁰ National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark. Electronic address: lct@sdu.dk.
¹¹ BioPsyC - Biopsychosocial Corporation, Non-profit association for Research Funding Ltd., Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: harald.aschauer@biopsyc.at.
¹² BioPsyC - Biopsychosocial Corporation, Non-profit association for Research Funding Ltd., Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: monika.schloegelhofer@biopsyc.at.
¹³ BioPsyC - Biopsychosocial Corporation, Non-profit association for Research Funding Ltd., Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: elena.akimova@biopsyc.at.
¹⁴ Psychiatric Services Grisons, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Switzerland. Electronic address: andres.schneeberger@pdgr.ch.
¹⁵ University of Basel, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: christian.huber@unibas.ch.
¹⁶ University of Fribourg, Fribourg Network of Mental Health (RFSM), Fribourg, Switzerland. Electronic address: gregor.hasler@unifr.ch.
¹⁷ University of Lausanne, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: philippe.conus@chuv.ch.
¹⁸ University of Lausanne, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: Kim.Do@chuv.ch.
¹⁹ University Hospital Zurich, Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, Switzerland. Electronic address: roland.vonkaenel@usz.ch.
²⁰ University of Southampton, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Southampton, United Kingdom; University of Navarra, Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society (ICS), Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: garrondo@unav.es.
²¹ Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology& Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; OASIS service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.fusar-poli@unipv.it.
²² Université de Paris, CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France; Institute de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France. Electronic address: p.gorwood@ghu-paris.fr.
²³ Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: pmllorca@chu-clermontferrand.fr.
²⁴ Institute de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France; Université de Paris, PEPIT, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Paris, France. Electronic address: MO.KREBS@ghu-paris.fr.
²⁵ Université de Paris, CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France. Electronic address: e.scanferla@ghu-paris.fr.
²⁶ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: tkishimoto@keio.jp.
²⁷ The National Foundation of Mental Health of Bangladesh, Bangladesh. Electronic address: rabbanigolam33@gmail.com.
²⁸ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: karzyd@pum.edu.pl.
²⁹ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.brambilla1@unimi.it.
³⁰ University of Padua, Neurosciences Department, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: angela.favaro@unipd.it.
³¹ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: akihiro.takamiya@keio.jp.
³² Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: leonardo.zoccante@aovr.veneto.it.
³³ University of Verona, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: marco.colizzi@univr.it.
³⁴ Service de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, GHNE, 91440 Bures Sur Yvette, France. Electronic address: j.bourgin@gh-nord-essonne.fr.
³⁵ Medical University of Białystok, Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address: fizklin@gmail.com.
³⁶ Kharazmi University, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: mmoghadasin@yahoo.com.
³⁷ Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa. Electronic address: sseedat@sun.ac.za.
³⁸ Waterford Institute of Technology, School of Health Sciences, Waterford, Ireland. Electronic address: ematthews@wit.ie.
³⁹ Waterford Institute of Technology, School of Health Sciences, Waterford, Ireland. Electronic address: jswells@wit.ie.
⁴⁰ University of Nicosia, Department of Life and Health Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus. Electronic address: vassilopoulouemilia@gmail.com.
⁴¹ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: aryararipe@gmail.com.
⁴² An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Department of Psychiatry, Tainan, Taiwan; Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: cobolsu@gmail.com.
⁴³ Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kwonjs@snu.ac.kr.
⁴⁴ Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: verte82@snu.ac.kr.
⁴⁵ Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Yangsan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: leetaey@gmail.com.
⁴⁶ Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: oleg.papsouev@gmail.com.
⁴⁷ National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic. Electronic address: denisa.mankova@nudz.cz.
⁴⁸ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: a.boscutti@gmail.com.
⁴⁹ University of Padua, Neurosciences Department, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: cristiano.gerunda@unipd.it.
⁵⁰ AULSS4 Veneto Orientale, Addictions Department, Italy. Electronic address: diego.saccon@aulss4.veneto.it.
⁵¹ University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: elena.righi@unimore.it.
⁵² ASL Salerno, Department of Mental Health, Salerno, Italy. Electronic address: fmonaco1980@gmail.com.
⁵³ University of Padova, Padova, Italy. Electronic address: giovannicroatto8@gmail.com.
⁵⁴ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: guido.cereda@unimi.it.
⁵⁵ University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: eritrox7@gmail.com.
⁵⁶ University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: natascia.brondino@unipv.it.
⁵⁷ University of Palermo, Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Section, Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: nicola.veronese@unipa.it.
⁵⁸ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.enrico@unimi.it.
⁵⁹ University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: pierluigi.politi@unipv.it.
⁶⁰ Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: valentina.ciappolino@policlinico.mi.it.
⁶¹ Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: Andrea.Pfennig@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
⁶² University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: andreas.bechdolf@uk-koeln.de.
⁶³ Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany. Electronic address: Andreas.Meyer-Lindenberg@zi-mannheim.de.
⁶⁴ Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany. Electronic address: kahl.kai@mh-hannover.de.
⁶⁵ University of Freiburg, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: katharina.domschke@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
⁶⁶ Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: Michael.Bauer@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
⁶⁷ Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: Nikolaos.Koutsouleris@med.uni-muenchen.de.
⁶⁸ Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: sibylle.winter@charite.de.
⁶⁹ University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. Electronic address: s.borgwardt@unibas.ch.
⁷⁰ Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: bitter.istvan@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
⁷¹ Eotvos Lorand University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary; Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: balazs.judit@ppk.elte.hu.
⁷² Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: czobor.pal@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
⁷³ Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: unoka.zsolt@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
⁷⁴ University of Ioannina, Department of Primary Education, Ioannina, Greece. Electronic address: dmavridi@uoi.gr.
⁷⁵ King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ktsamakis@gmail.com.
⁷⁶ Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, II. Dept. of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Greece. Electronic address: mpozikas@auth.gr.
⁷⁷ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand. Electronic address: chavit.T@chula.ac.th.
⁷⁸ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand. Electronic address: dr.michaelmaes@hotmail.com.
⁷⁹ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand. Electronic address: drteerayuth@gmail.com.
⁸⁰ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand. Electronic address: thitiporn.s@chula.ac.th.
⁸¹ The National Foundation of Mental Health of Bangladesh, Bangladesh. Electronic address: arifulhaque.ukzn@gmail.com.
⁸² Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: brunoni@usp.br.
⁸³ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: gustavocostardi@hotmail.com.
⁸⁴ Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: felipe.schuch@ufsm.br.
⁸⁵ Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: polanczyk.guilherme@gmail.com.
⁸⁶ Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Criciúma, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: jhoanne_luiz@hotmail.com.
⁸⁷ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: laismfonseca@gmail.com.
⁸⁸ Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: luanavma@hotmail.com.
⁸⁹ Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Criciúma, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: samiravalvassori@unesc.net.
⁹⁰ University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: mn@dadlnet.dk.
⁹¹ Psykiatrifonden, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: pv@psykiatrifonden.dk.
⁹² National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark. Electronic address: sohh@sdu.dk.
⁹³ University of Fribourg, Fribourg Network of Mental Health (RFSM), Fribourg, Switzerland. Electronic address: jihed.sehli@gmail.com.
⁹⁴ Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes (AMH), Switzerland. Electronic address: sartorius@normansartorius.com.
⁹⁵ FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Switzerland. Electronic address: sabina.heuss@fhnw.ch.
⁹⁶ The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Departament de Psiquiatria, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: DGuinart@northwell.edu.
⁹⁷ University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, McGovern Medical School, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA. Electronic address: Jane.E.Hamilton@uth.tmc.edu.
⁹⁸ The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, New York, USA. Electronic address: JKane2@northwell.edu.
⁹⁹ The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, New York, USA. Electronic address: JRubio13@northwell.edu.
¹⁰⁰ Boehringer-Ingelheim, USA. Electronic address: michael.sand@boehringer-ingelheim.com.
¹⁰¹ Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Research and Development Unit, CIBERSAM, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: a.koyanagi@pssjd.org.
¹⁰² Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: al.solanes@gmail.com.
¹⁰³ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: a.andreu.bernabeu@gmail.com.
¹⁰⁴ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: antonia.sanjose@iisgm.com.
¹⁰⁵ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: carango@hggm.es.
¹⁰⁶ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: covadonga.martinez@iisgm.com.
¹⁰⁷ University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: dahidalg@clinic.cat.
¹⁰⁸ University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: evieta@clinic.cat.
¹⁰⁹ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: javipenhas@gmail.com.
¹¹⁰ Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: lydiafor94@gmail.com.
¹¹¹ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: parelladahggm@gmail.com.
¹¹² Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: mafullana@clinic.cat.
¹¹³ University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: norma.verdolini@gmail.com.
¹¹⁴ National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic. Electronic address: eva.farkova@nudz.cz.
¹¹⁵ National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic. Electronic address: karolina.janku@nudz.cz.
¹¹⁶ Institute de Recherché de Servier (IDRS), France. Electronic address: mark.millan@servier.com.
¹¹⁷ Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: rmhonciuc@chu-clermontferrand.fr.
¹¹⁸ Medical University of Białystok, Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Poland. Electronic address: annamoniuszko@op.pl.
¹¹⁹ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Szczecin, Poland; Sanprobi Sp. z o.o. Sp. k, Poland. Electronic address: sanprobi@sanprobi.pl.
¹²⁰ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Psychiatry, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: samoj@pum.edu.pl.
¹²¹ University of Białystok, Institute of Sociology, Society and Cognition Unit, Białystok, Poland. Electronic address: lukaszkiszkiel@gmail.com.
¹²² Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: mariamarlicz@gmail.com.
¹²³ Medical University of Białystok, Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address: mailtosowa@gmail.com.
¹²⁴ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Gastroenterology, Szczecin, Poland; The Centre for Digestive Diseases Endoklinika, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: marlicz@hotmail.com.
¹²⁵ Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa. Electronic address: ggiocos@sun.ac.za.
¹²⁶ King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: brendon.stubbs@kcl.ac.uk.
¹²⁷ University of Manchester, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester, United Kingdom. Electronic address: joseph.firth@manchester.ac.uk.
¹²⁸ University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Sarah.Sullivan@bristol.ac.uk.
¹²⁹ Istanbul Basaksehir Cam ve Sakura City Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: aslienez@gmail.com.
¹³⁰ Adnan Menderes University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aydın, Turkey. Electronic address: aksubhatice@yahoo.com.
¹³¹ Uskudar University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: nesrin.dilbaz@gmail.com.
¹³² Uskudar University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: conurnoyan@gmail.com.
¹³³ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: m-kitazawa@keio.jp.
¹³⁴ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: shunya5@keio.jp.
¹³⁵ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: tazawa@a5.keio.jp.
¹³⁶ Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: alejandro.anselmi@ucu.edu.uy.
¹³⁷ Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: ccracco@ucu.edu.uy.
¹³⁸ Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: amachado@ucu.edu.uy.
¹³⁹ Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: natalia.estrade@ucu.edu.uy.
¹⁴⁰ Griffith University, South East Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: D.DeLeo@griffith.edu.au.
¹⁴¹ Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: j.curtis@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁴² Deakin University School of Medicine, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: michael.berk@deakin.edu.au.
¹⁴³ UNSW Sydney, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: p.ward@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁴⁴ Deakin University School of Medicine, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: s.teasdale@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁴⁵ UNSW Sydney, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: s.rosenbaum@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁴⁶ Deakin University School of Medicine, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: wolf.marx@deakin.edu.au.
¹⁴⁷ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: adrian-vasile-horodnic@umfiasi.ro.
¹⁴⁸ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: liviu.oprea@umfiasi.ro.
¹⁴⁹ Institute of Psychiatry "Socola", Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: alexinschi@yahoo.com.
¹⁵⁰ Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Medicine, Brasov, Romania. Electronic address: petru_ifteni@yahoo.com.
¹⁵¹ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: serban_turliuc@yahoo.com.
¹⁵² Emergency Hospital "Nicolae Oblu", Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: tudorciuhodaru@yahoo.co.uk.
¹⁵³ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: alex_andra_bolos@yahoo.com.
¹⁵⁴ Psychiatry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia" Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania. Electronic address: valipmatei@yahoo.com.
¹⁵⁵ Academisch Medisch Centrum Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: d.h.nieman@amc.uva.nl.
¹⁵⁶ University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Groningen, The Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: i.e.c.sommer@umcg.nl.
¹⁵⁷ Utrecht University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.j.vanos-2@umcutrecht.nl.
¹⁵⁸ Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: t.vanamelsvoort@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
¹⁵⁹ China Medical University Hospital, Mind-Body Interface Research Center, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Carilion Clinic Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA. Electronic address: chingfangsun@gmail.com.
¹⁶⁰ China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan. Electronic address: da20vid@gmail.com.
¹⁶¹ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: jiaocan@szu.edu.cn.
¹⁶² Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: jenny121@126.com.
¹⁶³ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: FanJL@szu.edu.cn.
¹⁶⁴ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: liyezou123@gmail.com.
¹⁶⁵ Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Department of Public Mental Health, Pekin, China. Electronic address: yuxin@bjmu.edu.cn.
¹⁶⁶ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: xinlichi@126.com.
¹⁶⁷ UCLouvain, Institute of Neuroscience and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: Philippe.detimary@uclouvain.be.
¹⁶⁸ Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: ruud.vanwinkel@kuleuven.be.
¹⁶⁹ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: bng@sunvalleyb.com.
¹⁷⁰ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: epena@cisne.mx.
¹⁷¹ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: jramonarellanoc@hotmail.com.
¹⁷² Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: raquelrr@hotmail.com.
¹⁷³ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: marsan2@prodigy.net.mx.
¹⁷⁴ Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: movina_larisa@bk.ru.
¹⁷⁵ University of Minho, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga Guimarães, Portugal. Electronic address: pedromorgado@med.uminho.pt.
¹⁷⁶ Lisbon's Psychiatric Hospital Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Portugal. Electronic address: brissos.sofia@gmail.com.
¹⁷⁷ Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Belarus. Electronic address: oleg.aizberg@gmail.com.
¹⁷⁸ Clienia AG, Wetzikon Psychiatric Centre, Switzerland. Electronic address: annamosina.md@gmail.com.
¹⁷⁹ Integrated Psychiatry Winterthur (IPW), Switzerland. Electronic address: damir.krinitski@gmail.com.
¹⁸⁰ Kyambogo University, Department of Sociology and Social Administration, Kampala, Uganda. Electronic address: Jmmugi77@hotmail.com.
¹⁸¹ Stanford University, Department of Psychology, California, USA; Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: Bahmanid@stanford.edu.
¹⁸² Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic address: sadeghi_mbrc@yahoo.com.
¹⁸³ Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: hadi.samira@yahoo.com.
¹⁸⁴ Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: serge.brand@upk.ch.
¹⁸⁵ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: anerrazuriz@uc.cl.
¹⁸⁶ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: ncrossley@uc.cl.
¹⁸⁷ University of Kragujevac, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Serbia. Electronic address: draganaristic4@gmail.com.
¹⁸⁸ University of Antioquia, Department of Psychiatry, Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: carlos.lopez20@udea.edu.co.
¹⁸⁹ University of Nicosia, Department of Life and Health Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus. Electronic address: dimitrisefthy@gmail.com.
¹⁹⁰ Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, India. Electronic address: drpraveenlalkuttichira@gmail.com.
¹⁹¹ Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Deptartment of Psychiatry, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India. Electronic address: roykalli@gmail.com.
¹⁹² Chairman, Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre-Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan. Electronic address: afzalj@gmail.com.
¹⁹³ Dean, Faculty of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan; Dean, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan; Dean, Faculty of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: driqbalafridi@yahoo.com.
¹⁹⁴ Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Department of Clinical Services, Benin-City, Nigeria. Electronic address: bawojames@yahoo.com.
¹⁹⁵ Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Edo State, Nigeria. Electronic address: sebakahomen@gmail.com.
¹⁹⁶ University of Ottawa, Department of Psychiatry, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: jfiedorowicz@toh.ca.
¹⁹⁷ Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada. Electronic address: Andre.Carvalho@camh.ca.
¹⁹⁸ University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: Jeff.Daskalakis@camh.ca.
¹⁹⁹ University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Electronic address: l.yatham@ubc.ca.
²⁰⁰ University of Calgary, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada. Electronic address: lin.yang@ahs.ca.
²⁰¹ Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egyp. Electronic address: tarek.okasha@gmail.com.
²⁰² Oran 1 University, Department of Psychiatry-Addictology, Oran, Algeria. Electronic address: aichadahdouh@gmail.com.
²⁰³ Linköping University, Pain and Rehabilitation Centre and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: bjorn.gerdle@liu.se.
²⁰⁴ Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: jari.tiihonen@ki.se.
²⁰⁵ Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: SHINJI@yuhs.ac.
²⁰⁶ Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wonju, South Korea. Electronic address: jinh.lee95@yonsei.ac.kr.
²⁰⁷ University of Monastir, Research Unit "Vulnerability to Mental Disorders" LR05ES10, Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: ahmed.mhalla@yahoo.fr.
²⁰⁸ University of Monastir, Research Unit "Vulnerability to Mental Disorders" LR05ES10, Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: gaha.lotfi@yahoo.fr.
²⁰⁹ University of Monastir, University Hospital of Monastir, Department of Psychiatry, Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: takoua.brahim@yahoo.com.
²¹⁰ Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Kazakhstan. Electronic address: altyn@mail.ru.
²¹¹ Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Kazakhstan. Electronic address: nick_negaj@mail.ru.
²¹² Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Kazakhstan. Electronic address: saya_n@yahoo.com.
²¹³ Gaza Community Mental Health Programme, Palestine. Electronic address: yasser@gcmhp.net.
²¹⁴ Sheba Medical Center, Israel. Electronic address: mweiser@netvision.net.il.
²¹⁵ Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany; The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA. Electronic address: CCorrell@northwell.edu.

PMID: 34606810
PMCID: PMC8486586
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.090

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has altered daily routines and family functioning, led to closing schools, and dramatically limited social interactions worldwide. Measuring its impact on mental health of vulnerable children and adolescents is crucial.

Methods: The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT - www.coh-fit.com) is an on-line anonymous survey, available in 30 languages, involving >230 investigators from 49 countries supported by national/international professional associations. COH-FIT has thee waves (until the pandemic is declared over by the WHO, and 6-18 months plus 24-36 months after its end). In addition to adults, COH-FIT also includes adolescents (age 14-17 years), and children (age 6-13 years), recruited via non-probability/snowball and representative sampling and assessed via self-rating and parental rating. Non-modifiable/modifiable risk factors/treatment targets to inform prevention/intervention programs to promote health and prevent mental and physical illness in children and adolescents will be generated by COH-FIT. Co-primary outcomes are changes in well-being (WHO-5) and a composite psychopathology P-Score. Multiple behavioral, family, coping strategy and service utilization factors are also assessed, including functioning and quality of life.

Results: Up to June 2021, over 13,000 children and adolescents from 59 countries have participated in the COH-FIT project, with representative samples from eleven countries.

Limitations: Cross-sectional and anonymous design.

Conclusions: Evidence generated by COH-FIT will provide an international estimate of the COVID-19 effect on children's, adolescents' and families', mental and physical health, well-being, functioning and quality of life, informing the formulation of present and future evidence-based interventions and policies to minimize adverse effects of the present and future pandemics on youth.

Keywords: Adolescents; Children; Covid-19; Mental health; Pandemic; Physical health; Resilience.

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Conflict of interest statement

All conflict of interest statements of all authors are detailed below in supplementary Table 1.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
COH-FIT-Adolescents and COH-FIT-Children survey flow. Legend. ASRM, Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale (Altman et al., 1997); BOCS, Brief Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Bejerot et al., 2014); BRS, Brief Resilience Scale (Smith et al., 2008); CGAS, Children's Global Assessment Scale (Shaffer et al., 1983); GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (Spitzer et al., 2006); OCD, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; PCL-5, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5¹⁷; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item scale (Kroenke et al., 2001); PQ-LES-Q, Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Endicott et al., 2006); PQ-16, Prodromal Questionnaire-16²⁰; PTSD, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; SBQ-R, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (Osman et al., 2001).

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Physical and mental health impact of COVID-19 on children, adolescents, and their families: The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times - Children and Adolescents (COH-FIT-C&A)

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Physical and mental health impact of COVID-19 on children, adolescents, and their families: The Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times - Children and Adolescents (COH-FIT-C&A)

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