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. 2021 Dec;47(12):4289-4297.
doi: 10.1111/jog.15049. Epub 2021 Oct 4.

The role of adverse childhood experience and social support type in postpartum depression in Turkey

Evin Ilter Bahadur  1 , Muhammed Asena  2 , Yılmaz Yavuz  2 , Erdem Karabulut  3 , Elif Nursel Ozmert  1
Affiliations

The role of adverse childhood experience and social support type in postpartum depression in Turkey

Evin Ilter Bahadur et al. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2021 Dec.

Abstract

Background: Improved knowledge of causal and protective factors is crucial for Postpartum depression (PPD) prevention and management.

Aims: To investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experience (ACE), perceived social support and PPD in a middle-income non-Western country, and to investigate which type of ACE and which sources of social support were associated with PPD.

Methods: The study was cross-sectional study and conducted in a one center from Turkey during March-June 2019. Women up to 1-week postpartum were included in the study. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), a validated ACE questionnaire, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were completed.

Results: Nine hundred women took part in the study. The proportion identified with PPD and ACE were 10% and 8.8%, respectively. In bivariate analysis, having previous PPD, unwanted pregnancy, insufficient antenatal care, low family income, history of ACE, and perception of low social support were associated with PPD (p < 0.05). Family support was perceived as beneficial, in both women with no history or ≥2 instances of ACE. However, perceived support from friends and/or a special person was lowest in the ≥2 ACE group (p < 0.05). In logistic regression, unwanted pregnancy, emotional abuse, and neglect, incarceration of a household member, and poor special person support were factors significantly associated with developing PPD (p = 0.005).

Conclusions: Emotional abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, and perceived poor support from a special person were risk factors for PPD. A history of maternal childhood trauma and poor social support might indicate the need for early PPD interventions.

Keywords: adverse childhood experience; non-Western country; postpartum depression; social support.

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