CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2014-2018

Abstract

The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the CDC and NCI, is the largest population-based registry focused exclusively on primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the United States (US) and represents the entire US population. This report contains the most up-to-date population-based data on primary brain tumors available and supersedes all previous reports in terms of completeness and accuracy and is the first CBTRUS Report to provide the distribution of molecular markers for selected brain and CNS tumor histologies. All rates are age-adjusted using the 2000 US standard population and presented per 100,000 population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate (AAAIR) of all malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors was 24.25 (Malignant AAAIR=7.06, Non-malignant AAAIR=17.18). This overall rate was higher in females compared to males (26.95 versus 21.35) and non-Hispanics compared to Hispanics (24.68 versus 22.12). The most commonly occurring malignant brain and other CNS tumor was glioblastoma (14.3% of all tumors and 49.1% of malignant tumors), and the most common non-malignant tumor was meningioma (39% of all tumors and 54.5% of non-malignant tumors). Glioblastoma was more common in males, and meningioma was more common in females. In children and adolescents (age 0-19 years), the incidence rate of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 6.21. An estimated 88,190 new cases of malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the US population in 2021 (25,690 malignant and 62,500 non-malignant). There were 83,029 deaths attributed to malignant brain and other CNS tumors between 2014 and 2018. This represents an average annual mortality rate of 4.43 per 100,000 and an average of 16,606 deaths per year. The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a malignant brain and other CNS tumor was 66.9%, for a non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors the five-year relative survival rate was 92.1%.

Fig. 1

Availability by Central Cancer Registry for SEER and NPCR Incidence (2014–2018) and Survival Data (2001–2017).

Fig. 2

Overview of CBTRUS Data Edits Workflow, NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 3

A) Average Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates^a (AAAIR) with 95% Confidence Intervals of All Primary Brain and Other CNS Tumors in Comparison To Top Eight Highest Incidence Cancers for Children Age 0–14 Years, Adolescents and Young Adults Age 15–39 Years, and Older Adults Age 40+ Years, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018. B) Average Annual Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates^a with 95% Confidence Intervals of All Primary Brain and Other CNS Tumors in Comparison to Top Five Causes of Cancer Death and Top Three Non-Cancer Causes of Death for Children Age 0–14 Years, Adolescents and Young Adults Age 15–39 Years, and Older Adults Age 40+ Years, CBTRUS Statistical Report: NVSS, 2014–2018.

Fig. 4

Distribution^a of All Primary Brain and Other CNS Tumors by Behavior (Five-Year Total=431,773; Annual Average Cases=86,355), CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 5

Distribution^a of All Primary Brain and Other CNS Tumors (Malignant and Non-Malignant Combined; Five-Year Total=431,733; Annual Average Cases=86,355), by A) Site and B) Histology, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 6

Distribution^a of Malignant Primary Brain and Other CNS Tumors (Five-Year Total=125,524; Annual Average Cases=25,105), by A) Site and B) Histology, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 7

Distribution^a of All Non-Malignant Primary Brain and Other CNS Tumors (Five-Year Total=306,249; Annual Average Cases=61,250), by A) Site and B) Histology, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 8

Distribution^a of Primary Brain and Other CNS Gliomas (ICD-O-3 histology codes 9380–9384 and 9391–9460) (Five-Year Total=105,729; Annual Average Cases=21,146) by A) Site and B) Histology, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 9

Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates^a of All Primary Brain and Other CNS Tumors by Year and Behavior, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 10

Average Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates^a of All Primary Brain and Other CNS Tumors by Age Group at Diagnosis and Behavior, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 11

Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates^a of Brain and Other CNS Tumors by Selected Histologies and Age Group at Diagnosis A) Age 0–19 Years, B) Age 20+ Years and CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 12

Incidence Rate Ratios by Sex (Males:Females) for Selected Primary Brain and Other CNS Tumor Histologies, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 13

Average Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates^a of Malignant and Non-Malignant Primary Brain and Other CNS Tumors by Central Cancer Registry, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 14

Incidence Rate Ratios by Race (A- Whites:Blacks and B- Whites:Asian Or Pacific Islanders [API]) for Selected Primary Brain and Other CNS Tumor Histologies, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 15.

Distribution^a in Children and Adolescents (Age 0–19 Years) of All Primary Brain and CNS Tumors (Five-Year Total=25,485; Annual Average Cases=5,097) by A) Site and B) Histology, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 16.

Distribution^a in Children and Adolescents (Age 0–14 Years) of All Primary Brain and CNS Tumors (Five-Year Total=17,802; Annual Average Cases=3,560) by A) Site and B) Histology, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 17

Distribution^a in Children and Adolescents (Age 15–19 Years) of All Primary Brain and CNS Tumors (Five-Year Total=7,683; Annual Average Cases=1,537) by A) Site and B) Histology, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 18

Average Annual Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates^a for Malignant Primary Brain and Other CNS Tumors by Central Cancer Registry, CBTRUS Statistical Report: NVSS, 2014–2018.

Fig. 19

A) Kaplan-Meier Survival Curves for the Five Most Common Histologies within Age Group at Diagnosis (Age 0–14, 15–39 and 40+) and B) Hazard Ratios And 95% Confidence Intervals for Sex, Age at Diagnosis, Race, and Ethnicity for the Five Most Common Histologies Overall, National, Data provided by CDC’s National Program of Cancer Registries, 2001–2017.

Fig. 20.

Distribution^a in Adolescents and Young Adults^b (Age 15–39 Years) of All Primary Brain and Other CNS Tumors (Five-Year Total=62,515; Annual Average Cases=12,503) by A) Site and B) Histology, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 21.

Distribution^a of Primary Spinal Cord, Spinal Meninges, and Cauda Equina Tumors by Histology in A) Children and Adolescents (Age 0–19 Years, Five-Year Total=1,433; Annual Average Cases=287) and B) Adults (Age 20+ Years, Five-Year Total=18,822; Annual Average Cases=3,764), CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2014–2018.

Fig. 22

Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates of All Primary Brain and Other CNS Tumors, and Incidence Trends by Behavior and Age Group at Diagnosis, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2000–2018 (varying).

Fig. 23

Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates of Primary Brain and Other CNS Gliomas, and Incidence Trends by Age Group at Diagnosis, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2000–2018.

Fig. 24

Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates of Primary Brain and Other CNS Tumors, and Incidence Trends by Histology for Selected A) Non-Malignant and B) Malignant Histologies, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2000–2018 (varying).