Preclinical and histological study of boron-containing compounds hydrogels on experimental model of periodontal disease

Abstract

Periodontitis is a disease that affects a wide group of people, and there has been an increased interest in the research of finding useful materials that help reduce inflammation and the further loss of tissue. In this study, we have tested a boron-containing compound (BCC) Calcium Fructoborate (CaFB) and Boric Acid (BA) hydrogels on the gingival level on Wistar rats. First, we have induced the periodontal disease at the lower incisors, we have applied the hydrogels and after a week, we have euthanized the rats. Next, the oral soft tissue reaction was clinically and then histologically investigated. Our study has shown good clinical response of the oral tissue, and we have noticed lower levels of inflammation on the experimental groups treated with the BCCs hydrogels. Despite the generally good response of the biological structures to the presence of BA and CaFB on periodontal level, more scientifically proved information is needed to obtain the desired biological responses in all clinical situations.

Figure 1

HPTLC chromatogram of the BCCs hydrogels captured under UV light (365 nm). Lane 1: Blank (water); Lanes 2–6: BA standard; Lanes 7–11: CaFB standard; Lanes 12 & 13: BA hydrogel; Lanes 14 & 15: CaFB hydrogel. BA: Boric acid; BCCs: Boron-containing compounds; CaFB: Calcium Fructoborate; HPTLC: High-performance thin layer chromatography; UV: Ultraviolet

Figure 2

Mass spectrometry profile of the Calcium Fructoborate (CaFB)

Figure 3

Clinical aspect of the protocol for inducing periodontal disease in the P group (A) and clinical aspect seven days after the suture removal (B); a large tumefaction area on the left vestibular alveolar process, with some fibrous connective tissue at cervical level near the incisor. P: Periodontal defect created without receiving no further treatment

Figure 4

Clinical aspect of the periodontal defect in the P + SRP group (A) and clinical aspect seven days after the suture removal and scaling and root planning (B); the reduction of the inflammatory response and a gingival retraction of both incisors can be seen. P: Periodontal defect created without receiving no further treatment; SRP: Scaling and root planning

Figure 5

Clinical aspects of the periodontal defect before (A) and after (B) the application of 10% Boric Acid (BA) therapeutic hydrogel: the evolution of the defect from a 3 mm periodontal pocket with moderate gingival inflammation to the reattachment of the gingiva, and the disappearance of both the pocket and the inflammatory response

Figure 6

Clinical aspects of the periodontal defect before (A) and after (B) the application of 10% Calcium Fructoborate (CaFB) therapeutic hydrogel: the evolution of the defect from a 2 mm periodontal pocket with moderate gingival inflammation to the reattachment of the gingiva, and the appearance of a fibrous tissue ring at cervical level

Figure 7

(A and B) Histological aspect of periodontal tissue of the control group, which did not receive any treatment: strong inflammatory reaction, large abscess with necrotic areas and vascular congestion. Massons’ trichrome staining: (A) ×200. HE staining: (B) ×200

Figure 8

(A and B) Histological aspects of the periodontal tissue of the P + SRP group, which received only mechanical treatment of scaling and root planning: moderate inflammatory infiltrate in the chorion, with vascular congestion and angiogenesis vessels. HE staining: (A and B) ×200. P: Periodontal defect created without receiving no further treatment; SRP: Scaling and root planning

Figure 9

(A and B) Histological aspects of the soft tissue one week after treatment with 10% Calcium Fructoborate (CaFB) therapeutic hydrogel: reduced inflammatory reaction, with a large cellular density in the chorion and angiogenesis vessels. HE staining: (A and B) ×100

Figure 10

(A and B) Histological aspect of the periodontal tissue one week after the application of 10% Boric Acid (BA) therapeutic hydrogel: moderate inflammatory infiltrate, with a limitation of the abscess by the surrounding tissues, angiogenesis vessels. Massons’ trichrome staining: (A) ×100. HE staining: (B) ×100