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. 2022 Jan;37(1):10.1002/gps.5630.
doi: 10.1002/gps.5630. Epub 2021 Oct 6.

Loneliness in older adult mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic and before: Associations with disability, functioning and pharmacotherapy

Flora Greig  1 , Gayan Perera  2 , Konstantinos Tsamakis  2   3 , Robert Stewart  1   2 , Latha Velayudhan  1   2 , Christoph Mueller  1   2
Affiliations

Loneliness in older adult mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic and before: Associations with disability, functioning and pharmacotherapy

Flora Greig et al. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2022 Jan.

Abstract

Objectives: Loneliness is associated with psychiatric morbidity. Restrictions placed on the population during the first COVID-19 lockdown may have disproportionately affected older adults, possibly through increasing loneliness. We sought to investigate this by examining loneliness in referrals to mental health of older adults (MHOA) services during the first UK COVID-19 lockdown.

Methods: Referrals to MHOA services from a large South London catchment area were identified for the 16-week period of the UK lockdown starting in March 2020 and for the corresponding period in 2019. A natural language processing algorithm identified loneliness in the patients' records. We applied logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity and diagnosis, to examine associations of loneliness in the study population.

Results: 1991 referrals were identified, 56.9% of whom were female, with a mean age of 77.9 years. Only 26.9% occurred during the 2020 lockdown, but with a higher prevalence of loneliness (22.0 vs. 17.7%, p = 0.028). In the whole sample, loneliness was associated with non-accidental self-injury (Odds ratio [OR]: 1.65), depressed mood (OR: 1.73), psychotic symptoms (OR: 1.65), relationship problems (OR: 1.49), problems with daytime activities (OR: 1.36), and antidepressant use (OR: 2.11). During lockdown, loneliness was associated with non-accidental self-injury (OR: 2.52), problem drinking or drug-taking (OR 2.33), and antidepressant use (OR 2.10).

Conclusions: Loneliness is associated with more severe symptoms of affective illness, worse functional problems and increased use of antidepressant medication in older adults. During lockdown, loneliness in referrals to MHOA services increased and was associated with increased risk-taking behaviour. Loneliness is a potential modifiable risk factor for mental illness, and efforts to minimise it in older adults should be prioritised as we emerge from the pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19; lockdown; loneliness; mental illness; older adult.

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Conflict of interest statement

Robert Stewart has received research support in the last 36 months from Janssen, GSK and Takeda. Flora Greig, Gayan Perera, Konstantinos Tsamakis, Latha Velayudhan and Christoph Mueller declare no conflict of interest.

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