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. 2021 Oct 7;21(1):1082.
doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-08814-4.

Variations in disease burden of laryngeal cancer attributable to alcohol use and smoking in 204 countries or territories, 1990-2019

Qiang-Wei Zhang #  1 , Jing-Yuan Wang #  2 , Xiao-Feng Qiao  3 , Tong-Li Li  3 , Xin Li  3
Affiliations

Variations in disease burden of laryngeal cancer attributable to alcohol use and smoking in 204 countries or territories, 1990-2019

Qiang-Wei Zhang et al. BMC Cancer. .

Abstract

Background: Alcohol consumption and smoking are the leading risk factors for laryngeal cancer (LC). Understanding the variations in disease burden of LC attributable to alcohol use and smoking is critical for LC prevention.

Methods: Disease burden data of LC were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We used estimated average percentage change (EAPC) to measure the temporal trends of the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of LC.

Results: Globally, while the ASMR of LC decreased by 1.49% (95% CI, 1.41-1.57%) per year between 1990 and 2019, the number of deaths from LC has increased 41.0% to 123.4 thousand in 2019. In 2019, 19.4 and 63.5% of total LC-related deaths were attributable to alcohol use and smoking worldwide, respectively. The ASMR of alcohol- and smoking-related LC decreased by 1.78 and 1.93% per year, whereas the corresponding death number has increased 29.2 and 25.1% during this period, respectively. The decreasing trend was more pronounced in developed countries. In some developing countries, such as Guinea and Mongolia, the LC mortality has shown an unfavorable trend.

Conclusion: The ubiquitous decrease in LC mortality was largely attributed to the smoking control and highlighted the importance of smoking control policies. However, the disease burden of LC remained in increase and more effective strategies are needed to combat the global increase of alcohol consumption.

Keywords: Alcohol; Disease burden; Laryngeal cancer; Mortality; Tobacco.

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Conflict of interest statement

None to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The changing trend of disease burden of laryngeal cancer (LC) at the global level between 1990 and 2019 (A. age-standardized mortality rate of LC attributable to alcohol use, smoking and other causes; B. absolute number of LC-related deaths attributable to alcohol use, smoking and other causes; C. proportion of death number from LC attributable to alcohol use, smoking and other causes)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The changing trends in age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of laryngeal cancer attributable to all cause, alcohol use, and smoking in 1990–2019 at the global and regional levels. The changing trends were quantified by estimated average percentage change (EAPC). The ASMR was deemed to be increased if the EAPC estimate and the lower boundary of its 95% CI were both > 0. In contrast, the ASMR was decreased if the EAPC estimate and the upper boundary of its 95% CI were both < 0. Otherwise, the ASMR was deemed to be stable over time
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The age-standardized mortality rate (per 100,000) of laryngeal cancer attributable to (A) all-cause, (B) alcohol use, and (C) smoking in 2019. The deeper the color, the higher the mortality rate
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The changing trends in age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of laryngeal cancer attributable to (A) all-cause, (B) alcohol use, and (C) smoking at the national level between 1990 and 2019
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The influential factors for estimated average percentage change (EAPC) of age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of laryngeal cancer (LC). (A. association between EAPC of alcohol use-related LC mortality rate and EAPC of alcohol use; B. association between EAPC of smoking-related LC mortality rate and EAPC of smoking prevalence; C. association between EAPC of LC mortality rate and national socio-demographical index values in 2019
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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