. 2022 Feb;56(4):175-195.

doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-103987. Epub 2021 Oct 8.

Implementing the 27 PRISMA 2020 Statement items for systematic reviews in the sport and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation and sports science fields: the PERSiST (implementing Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science) guidance

Clare L Ardern^{1

2

3}, Fionn Büttner⁴, Renato Andrade^{5

6}, Adam Weir^{7

8

9}, Maureen C Ashe^{3

10}, Sinead Holden^{11

12}, Franco M Impellizzeri¹³, Eamonn Delahunt⁴, H Paul Dijkstra^{14

15}, Stephanie Mathieson¹⁶, Michael Skovdal Rathleff^{11

12}, Guus Reurink¹⁷, Catherine Sherrington¹⁶, Emmanuel Stamatakis¹⁸, Bill Vicenzino¹⁹, Jackie L Whittaker^{20

21}, Alexis A Wright²², Mike Clarke²³, David Moher²⁴, Matthew J Page²⁵, Karim M Khan^{3

26

27}, Marinus Winters¹²

Affiliations

¹ Musculoskeletal & Sports Injury Epidemiology Center, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden c.ardern@latrobe.edu.au.
² Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
³ Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
⁴ School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
⁵ Clinical Research, Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal.
⁶ Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
⁷ Aspetar Sports Groin Pain Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
⁸ Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
⁹ Sport Medicine and Exercise Clinic Haarlem (SBK), Haarlem, The Netherlands.
¹⁰ Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
¹¹ SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
¹² Center for General Practice, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
¹³ Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁴ Sports Medicine, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
¹⁵ Department for Continuing Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
¹⁶ Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁷ Academic Center for Evidence Based Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
¹⁸ Charles Perkins Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁹ University of Queensland School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Physiotherapy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
²⁰ Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
²¹ Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
²² Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²³ School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.
²⁴ Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
²⁵ School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
²⁶ School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
²⁷ Canadian Institutes of Health Research-Institute of Musculoskeletal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

PMID: 34625401
PMCID: PMC8862073
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-103987

Implementing the 27 PRISMA 2020 Statement items for systematic reviews in the sport and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation and sports science fields: the PERSiST (implementing Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science) guidance

Clare L Ardern et al. Br J Sports Med. 2022 Feb.

. 2022 Feb;56(4):175-195.

doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-103987. Epub 2021 Oct 8.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Musculoskeletal & Sports Injury Epidemiology Center, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden c.ardern@latrobe.edu.au.
² Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
³ Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
⁴ School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
⁵ Clinical Research, Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal.
⁶ Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
⁷ Aspetar Sports Groin Pain Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
⁸ Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
⁹ Sport Medicine and Exercise Clinic Haarlem (SBK), Haarlem, The Netherlands.
¹⁰ Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
¹¹ SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
¹² Center for General Practice, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
¹³ Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁴ Sports Medicine, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
¹⁵ Department for Continuing Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
¹⁶ Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁷ Academic Center for Evidence Based Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
¹⁸ Charles Perkins Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁹ University of Queensland School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Physiotherapy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
²⁰ Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
²¹ Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
²² Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
²³ School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.
²⁴ Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
²⁵ School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
²⁶ School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
²⁷ Canadian Institutes of Health Research-Institute of Musculoskeletal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

PMID: 34625401
PMCID: PMC8862073
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-103987

Abstract

Poor reporting of medical and healthcare systematic reviews is a problem from which the sports and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, and sports science fields are not immune. Transparent, accurate and comprehensive systematic review reporting helps researchers replicate methods, readers understand what was done and why, and clinicians and policy-makers implement results in practice. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement and its accompanying Explanation and Elaboration document provide general reporting examples for systematic reviews of healthcare interventions. However, implementation guidance for sport and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, and sports science does not exist. The Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science (PERSiST) guidance attempts to address this problem. Nineteen content experts collaborated with three methods experts to identify examples of exemplary reporting in systematic reviews in sport and exercise medicine (including physical activity), musculoskeletal rehabilitation (including physiotherapy), and sports science, for each of the PRISMA 2020 Statement items. PERSiST aims to help: (1) systematic reviewers improve the transparency and reporting of systematic reviews and (2) journal editors and peer reviewers make informed decisions about systematic review reporting quality.

Keywords: evaluation; implementation; meta-analysis; methodology.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: RA, MCA, FB, MC, SH, FMI, SM, MSR, GS, BV, JLW, MW and AAW declare they have no competing interests. CLA was a Deputy Editor (Systematic Reviews) for BJSM from 2016 to 2018. ED, HPD and AW are associate editors for BJSM. MCA was a member of the BJSM editorial board from 2008 to 2020. KMK was Editor-in-Chief of BJSM from 2008 to 2020. He holds no position with the BJSM or the BMJ Group at present (September 2021). DM is Chair of the PRISMA group, led the PRISMA 2009 statement and co-led the PRISMA 2020 statement. MJP co-led the PRISMA 2020 statement. ES was editor of BJSM from 2017 to 2020, and editor-in-chief of BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine from 2019 to 2020. He is a senior adviser to BJSM (September 2021).

Figures

**Figure 1**
PRISMA 2020 flow diagram template for systematic reviews (reproduced with permission). PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

**Figure 2**
Example of study characteristics presented in a summary table (reproduced with permission).

**Figure 3**
Example of how to present effect estimates in forest plots (reproduced with permission). M-H, Mantel-Haenszel.

**Figure 4**
Example of how to present domain-based risk of bias assessment results (reproduced with permission). ASAD, arthroscopic subacromial decompression.

**Figure 5**
Example of how to present results of sensitivity analyses (reproduced with permission).

**Figure 6**
Funnel plot for assessing publication bias (reproduced with permission). SE, standard error; SMD, standardised mean difference.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Implementing the 27 PRISMA 2020 Statement items for systematic reviews in the sport and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation and sports science fields: the PERSiST (implementing Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science) guidance

Affiliations

Implementing the 27 PRISMA 2020 Statement items for systematic reviews in the sport and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation and sports science fields: the PERSiST (implementing Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science) guidance

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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