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Review
. 2021 Oct;18(5):407-423.
doi: 10.1007/s11904-021-00572-z. Epub 2021 Oct 9.

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Transgender People with HIV

Madeline Cetlin  1 , Evelynne S Fulda  1 , Sarah M Chu  1 , Ole-Petter R Hamnvik  2 , Tonia Poteat  3 , Markella V Zanni  4   5 , Mabel Toribio  6   7
Affiliations
Review

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Transgender People with HIV

Madeline Cetlin et al. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2021 Oct.

Abstract

Purpose of review: Transgender individuals are at disproportionate risk for HIV infection, with prevalence rates highest among transgender women of color. Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated people with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), in relation to persistent systemic immune activation and metabolic dysregulation. The purpose of this review is to examine parameters which may affect CVD risk among transgender PWH.

Recent findings: Among transgender women and men, prospective longitudinal studies have shown that gender-affirming hormonal therapy (GAHT) is associated with select deleterious cardiometabolic effects such as increases in visceral adipose tissue. Retrospective studies among transgender women and men suggest an increase in CVD risk, such as venous thromboembolism, cerebrovascular accidents, and myocardial infarction. Studies among transgender PWH adhering to GAHT and ART suggest heightened systemic immune activation/inflammation. Prospective longitudinal studies assessing factors associated with increased CVD events among transgender PWH are needed to guide the development of CVD prevention strategies in this at-risk population.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Gender-affirming hormone therapy; HIV; Transgender.

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References

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